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type="text/css"></style> <div id="ct" class="ct2 wp cl"> <div class="mn"> <div class="bm_haa cl"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=62" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a><h1 class="xs2">文章</h1> </div></div> <div class="kjkjb"> <div class="bm vw" style="margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="h hm"> <div class="zxtoux"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=54876&size=small" /></div> <h1 class="ph">共形光学系统的设计思路 </h1> <p class="xg1"> 时间：2021-11-15 08:57<a class="zz" href="home.php?mod=space&uid=54876">作者：update</a> 阅读<em id="_viewnum">(1657)</em> 评论: <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=comment&id=9351&idtype=aid" title="查看全部评论"><em id="_commentnum">5</em></a>来自: 网络平台</p> <div class="zxfb" ><a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=62" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a></div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarytop]--><div id="diysummarytop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="s"> <div class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>随着特殊应用需求的增多和光学加工设计能力的提高，共形窗口技术被广泛应用于各种航空、航天光学系统。</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><div> 随着特殊应用需求的增多和光学<a href="http://optics.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">加工</a>设计能力的提高，共形窗口技术被广泛应用于各种航空、航天光学系统。</div><div><br></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/202111/15/085659a1aablboofoqobuf.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/202111/15/085659a1aablboofoqobuf.jpg"></a></p></div><div><br></div><div> 本质上，共形光学研究的是一个能与平台的外形轮廓平滑吻合的系统结构。过去飞行器在飞行时很少会以高音速飞行，其产生的气动效应不明显，因此人们很少会从空气动力学的角度来考虑机载光电载荷光学系统的优化设计。</div><div><br></div><div> 传统的机载光电载荷光学窗口形状主要采用<a href="http://display.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">平板</a>拼接和球形窗口。球形窗口在高音速飞行时会带来很大的激波阻力，使得窗口气动加热严重。</div><div><br></div><div> 采用平板拼接相对于球形窗口会在一定程度上减少气动光学效应，但接缝处会遮挡视场，增大平板光窗接缝处的热梯度，同时也会引起射频散射，终导致图像退化。随着<a href="http://opticaldesign.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">光学设计</a>、加工、装调能力的提高，共形光学系统设计技术已被广泛应用于飞行器整流罩中。</div><div><br></div><div> 在机载光电载荷光学系统中，通过采用共形光学窗口实现载荷与飞机主体外形轮廓一体化设计，既能保持飞机整体的空气动力学性能，又能大幅减少气动效应对光学系统产生的影响。</div><div><br></div><div> 光学窗口除了对载荷光电系统进行保护以外，同时也是整个成像系统的一个重要组成部分。为了更好地满足飞行平台和光电载荷系统的特殊需求，尤其是随着高马赫数飞行器的日益发展，更是急需发展含特殊面形光学窗口的光学系统。含有特殊面型的光学窗口会大量引入不规则的像差，因此必须设计特殊的曲面或光学元件对像差进行校正。</div><div><br></div><div> 共形窗口设计主要由三个步骤组成：</div><div><br></div><div> （1） 设计建模，即通过将元件的初始结构参数输入编译好的程序或者<a href="http://opticaldesign.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">软件</a>，以实现把结构参数转换成可控的虚拟系统；</div><div><br></div><div> （2） 优化设计，即通过阻尼zui小二乘法，迭代算法等，不断改变光学元件的结构参数，相应的模型也应及时更新，使虚拟系统朝着满足评价函数（即使用要求）的方向发展变化；</div><div><br></div><div> （3） 仿真，即将光学元件从建模层的各模型库中具体化，建立虚拟物面，将系统放在虚拟环境中，交互控制实际使用中将会碰到的各种参数变化，分析对系统的影响。</div><div><br></div><div> 利用光学软件对系统优化设计时，应先给出光学系统结构形式、受控制的像差个数、像差的目标值及评价函数中的人工权重因子。然后，软件将按照设定的目标自动改变透镜各个可变参数，进行像差自动校正和平衡。经过优化之后，获得满足成像质量要求且加工可行的光学系统各个光学元件，并给出光学公差及像质评价。</div><div><br></div><div><div 0px;"="" 255);"="" 255,="" rgb(255,="" simsun;="" yahei",="" microsoft="" style="overflow-wrap: normal; color: rgb(143, 143, 143); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px; font-family: 微软雅黑;"><span style="overflow-wrap: normal;">免责声明：编写或转载此文是为了传递更多的信息，为光电行业尽一些绵薄之力。若文字或图片侵犯了您的合法权益或有不当之处，请作者在20个工作日之内与我们联系，我们将协调给予处理。</span></div><div 0px;"="" 255);"="" 255,="" rgb(255,="" simsun;="" yahei",="" microsoft="" start;"="" normal;="" 400;="" 14px;="" style="overflow-wrap: normal; color: rgb(143, 143, 143); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-indent: 28px; font-family: 微软雅黑;"><br style="overflow-wrap: normal;"></div><div 0px;"="" 255);"="" 255,="" rgb(255,="" simsun;="" yahei",="" microsoft="" start;"="" 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