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<div class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>一种光学镜面比头发丝还薄千倍！到底是怎么回事呢？下面我们来一起看看这篇文章吧！</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><div> 一种光学镜面比头发丝还薄千倍！到底是怎么回事呢？下面我们来一起看看这篇文章吧！</div><div><br></div><div> 马克斯·普朗克量子光学研究所(MPQ)的<a href="http://theory.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">物理</a>学家们成功地制造出了仅由约200个原子的单分子层形成的光学镜子——它是世界上最轻的反射镜面。</div><div><br></div><div> 这种新型的超异<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">材料</a>是由一个只有几百个相同原子的单层结构构成的。原子排列在由干涉<a href="http://laser.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">激光</a>束形成的二维光学晶格阵列中。</div><div><br></div><div> 该研究结果是在原子有序亚波长量子光学这一最近才出现的新领域中首次进行的实验观察。到目前为止，这款镜子是独一无二的！研究结果发表在2020年7月15日的《自然》（Nature）杂志上。</div><div><br></div><div> 通常，镜子利用高度抛光的金属表面或特殊涂层的光学镜片，以提供更轻质的性能。但MPQ的物理学家们现在首次证明，即使是由几百个原子组成的单一结构层也能形成一面光学镜子，使之成为人们所能想到的最轻的一面镜子。这种新镜子只有几十<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">纳米</a>薄，比人类头发丝的宽度还要薄1000倍。然而，它的反射是如此强烈，甚至可以被人类的眼睛观察到。</div><div><br></div><div> 镜子背后的<a href="http://machine.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">机械</a>装置</div><div><br></div><div> 这种镜子用二维排列的相同原子来工作。它们以一种规则的模式排列，间距小于原子的光学跃迁波长——这是超材料的典型和必要的特征。</div><div><br></div><div> 超材料是人工设计的结构，具有非常特殊的性质，而这些性质在自然环境中很少被发现。它们的特性不是由它们所使用的材料获得的，而是由它们被设计的特定结构获得的。</div><div><br></div><div> 这种新型光学镜的特性——规则图案和亚波长间距（subwavelengthspacing）——以及它们之间的相互作用是其背后的两个关键原理。首先，规则的图案和原子的亚波长间距都抑制了光的漫射散射，将反射束成单向稳定的光束。</div><div><br></div><div> 其次，由于原子之间的距离相对较近且离散，入射光子在被反射之前可以在原子之间多次来回反弹。在这两种效应的结合下，光的被抑制散射和光子的反弹，导致了“对外部场的增强合作响应”，在这种情况下意味着——它可以产生非常强烈的反射。</div><div><br></div><div> 打造更高效的量子器件</div><div><br></div><div> 直径约7微米的镜子本身非常小，远远超出了视觉识别范围。然而，制造这种装置的装置是巨大的。与其他量子光学实验完全一样，它有超过一千个光学元件，重约两吨。这种新颖的材料也许不会影响人们日常使用的那些常规意义上的镜子，但它在另一方面的科学影响却可能是非常深远的：</div><div><br></div><div> “结果让我们非常兴奋。在典型的稀疏整体合奏中，在我们的系统中起重要作用的原子之间的光子介导的相关性在传统量子光学<a href="http://theory.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">理论</a>中通常被忽略。另一方面，将超低温原子加载到光学晶格中所形成的有序原子阵列，主要用于研究凝聚态模型的量子模拟。但现在它也变成了一个研究新的量子光学现象的强大平台。”该论文的第一作者、博士后研究员JunRui解释说。</div><div><br></div><div> 沿着这条线索进行进一步的研究，可以加深对光与物质相互作用的量子理论的基本理解，利用光子的多体物理，并使更高效的量子器件的工程成为可能。</div><div><br></div><div> “许多新的令人兴奋的机会已经被打开，例如一个有趣的方法来研究量子光学力学，这是一个不断增长的领域，并有助于研究机械设备中光的量子性质。或者，我们的工作也可以帮助创造更好的量子记忆，甚至是建立一个量子可切换光学镜子。”博士研究员和论文第二作者DavidWei表示。“这对量子信息处理来说无疑是非常有趣的进步。”</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><p style="overflow-wrap: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(143, 143, 143); font-family: Tahoma, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.oecr.com/data/attachment/portal/202007/28/162120mrh328hrpmg4b3by.jpg" 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