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type="text/css"></style> <div id="ct" class="ct2 wp cl"> <div class="mn"> <div class="bm_haa cl"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=62" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a><h1 class="xs2">文章</h1> </div></div> <div class="kjkjb"> <div class="bm vw" style="margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="h hm"> <div class="zxtoux"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=54876&size=small" /></div> <h1 class="ph">“光子科学”是研究什么的？ </h1> <p class="xg1"> 时间：2020-6-5 08:08<a class="zz" href="home.php?mod=space&uid=54876">作者：update</a> 阅读<em id="_viewnum">(974)</em> 评论: <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=comment&id=8493&idtype=aid" title="查看全部评论"><em id="_commentnum">6</em></a></p> <div class="zxfb" ><a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=62" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a></div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarytop]--><div id="diysummarytop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="s"> <div class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>光子科学（photonics)包括光的产生，发射，传输，调制，信号加工，开关，放大和识别。</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><p> 光子科学（photonics)包括光的产生，发射，传输，调制，信号<a href="http://optics.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">加工</a>，开关，放大和识别。光子科学特别强调光具有粒子和波动双重性。它覆盖了整个光谱波段的技术应用；从日常生活到新近进展的科学都要应用到光子科学。由于它的应用广泛，故仍在不断发展中。</p><p> 历史</p><p> “光子科学”由光字演生而来；它的出现是1960年晚期用来描述目的在使光演示其功能的研究领域；传统上完全落在<a href="http://electronic.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">电子</a>学的典型范畴；如远程通讯，信息加工等。</p><p> 光子科学作为领域是从1960年研究<a href="http://laser.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">激光</a>开始的。随后的发展包括1970年的激光二极管，传送信号的光纤和参饵的光纤放大器。这些研究形成20世纪后期电信革命的基础和提供以后互联网的结构。</p><p> 1980年光纤维传输数据为电信网络采用后，光子科学就被普遍使用。</p><p> 2001年间，光子科学大部集中在电信方面。但它覆盖了科学和技术应用的很大范围；包括激光制造，生物和化学<a href="http://sensor.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">传感</a>，医学诊断和治疗，<a href="http://display.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">显示</a>技术和光计算。</p><p> 各种非电信的光子科学应用呈快速增长，部分原因在许多公司已看出它的新应用领域。光子科学将还会得到进一步的发展。</p><p> 光子科学的应用是普及的；包括从每日日常生活到最新科学的几乎所有领域；即光探测，电信，信息加工，<a href="http://light.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">照明</a>，度量衡，谱仪，<a href="http://holographic.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">全息</a>，医学（手术，视力修正，胃镜，健康监测）军用技术，激光<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">材料</a>加工视觉艺术，生物光电子学，农业和机器人。如同1948年发现第一个<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">晶体</a>管后，电子学哪样地迅速扩大应用哪样，光子科学的独特应用不断出现在新的方面，<a href="http://sensor.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">半导体</a>光科学器件在经济方面的重要应用包括光数据记录，光纤电信，激光打印（在静电复印基础上），显示和高功率激光光泵。光子科学潜在的应用很广，并包括化学合成，<a href="http://medicine.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">医疗</a>诊断，芯片上的通讯，聚变能量。这里举几种有兴趣的附加例如下：</p><p> 消费设备：条码扫描器。打印机，CD/DVD/Blu射线器件，远程控制器件</p><p> 电信：光纤<a href="http://ofc.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">通信</a>，光学降压转换到微波器。</p><p> 医药：弱视矫正，激光手术胃镜，去除纹身。</p><p> 工业制造：激光焊接，打孔，切割和各种表面加工</p><p> 施工：激光练级，激光测距，智能结构。</p><p> 航空：光子科学缺少活动部分的陀螺仪。</p><p> 军事：红外传感器，命令，控制和导航研究和营救，布雷和扫雷。</p><p> 娱乐：激光表演，全息艺术。</p><p> 信息加工：</p><p> 度量衡：时间和频率<a href="http://opticaltest.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">测量</a>。测距。</p><p> 光子科学计算：时间分布及计算机和打印线路板间或光电子积分线路间的通信。将来：量子计算。</p><p> 光子科学包括光的发射，传输，放大，探测和调制。</p><p> 光源</p><p> 光子科学所用光源比一般所用的光泡复杂。它一般用如光发射二极管，超辐射二极管和激光等半导体光源，其它光源包括莹光灯，阴极射线管等。</p><p> 常用3-5组半导体代替传统半导体如硅和锗。因为它们可有光发射的特性。如材料用（GaAs)，（GlGaAs)或其它半导体。它们也和硅并用，以产生混合硅激光。</p><p> 传输介质</p><p> 光可由任何透明物质传输，玻璃或塑料光纤都可用来引导光在一定路线上传输。现在研究具有工程光学性质的特别结构材料；包括光子科学晶体，晶体纤维和超材料。</p><p> 放大器</p><p> <a href="http://ofc.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">光通信</a>的光放大器是参铒纤维放大器，半导体光放大器，拉码放大器和光参数放大器。现正研究量子点半导体光放大器。</p><p> 光调制</p><p> 光源的调制用在光源上译码（encode)，可直接用光源调制。最容易的例是用闪光灯送莫尔斯码。。另一方法是从光源采光，但在外部光调制器调制。</p><p> 光调制的研究中还包括调制格式。研究最有进展的格式调制如相移健等已研究用来抵消分散，使信号质量提高。</p><p> 光子科学系统</p><p> 光子科学系统常用作光通信系统。研究集中在高速光子科学网络。也包括能改善光信号的光再生器。</p><p><br></p><p align="center"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/data/attachment/portal/202003/09/091902dyp9x7ippxbapiyp.jpg"></p></td></tr></table> <!--[diy=diycontentbottom]--><div id="diycontentbottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <script src="data/cache/home.js?eOg" type="text/javascript"></script> <div id="click_div"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="atd"> <tr><td> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=click&op=add&clickid=1&idtype=aid&id=8493&hash=eb12fb72d0b4173618d954fe9bb395ce&handlekey=clickhandle" id="click_aid_8493_1" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.href);doane(event);"> <img src="static/image/click/jidan.gif" alt="" /><br />鸡蛋</a> </td> <td> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=click&op=add&clickid=2&idtype=aid&id=8493&hash=eb12fb72d0b4173618d954fe9bb395ce&handlekey=clickhandle" id="click_aid_8493_2" 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pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(26767, '8493');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-27931.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">jtf0328</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2020-6-5 10:55</span> </dt> <dd>鼎力支持！！</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_26765"></a> <dl id="comment_26765_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(26765, '8493');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-80846.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">bacya2003</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2020-6-5 09:55</span> </dt> <dd>看起来不错</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_26762"></a> <dl id="comment_26762_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(26762, '8493');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-27538.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">missnicole</a> <span class="xg1 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