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type="text/css"></style> <div id="ct" class="ct2 wp cl"> <div class="mn"> <div class="bm_haa cl"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=62" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a><h1 class="xs2">文章</h1> </div></div> <div class="kjkjb"> <div class="bm vw" style="margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="h hm"> <div class="zxtoux"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=54876&size=small" /></div> <h1 class="ph">对比这些光学隐形技术，哪种更靠谱？ </h1> <p class="xg1"> 时间：2017-11-24 09:10<a class="zz" href="home.php?mod=space&uid=54876">作者：update</a> 阅读<em id="_viewnum">(2084)</em> 评论: <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=comment&id=6094&idtype=aid" title="查看全部评论"><em id="_commentnum">5</em></a></p> <div class="zxfb" ><a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=62" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a></div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarytop]--><div id="diysummarytop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="s"> <div class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>隐身是一件神奇的事情，现在的一些科学家也正在研究相关的技术，今天跟大家带来的是一个科学家提出隐身衣的新概念，同时还跟大家列举了近年来一些隐形技术，大家看看哪种更靠谱。</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><div> 隐身是一件神奇的事情，现在的一些科学家也正在研究相关的技术，今天跟大家带来的是一个科学家提出隐身衣的新概念，同时还跟大家列举了近年来一些隐形技术，大家看看哪种更靠谱。</div><div><br></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201711/24/091039kjen8o4naneunnie.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201711/24/091039kjen8o4naneunnie.jpg"></a></p></div><div><br></div><div> 光学芯片弯曲光线</div><div><br></div><div> 以色列科学家研发了一种斗篷型装置，能够将照射到物体上的光线散射出去，使其无法被探测到。可以被视作传说中的“隐形衣”。以色列本·古里安大学的科学家正在着手研发这一概念<a href="http://b.oecr.com/sell" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">产品</a>，使物体隐形真正成为现实。若取得成功，该技术便可运用于军队中，为现有的雷达吸波涂料、光学伪装技术、防红外线探测技术、电磁波分散技术等提供补充。</div><div><br></div><div> 该研究<a href="http://display.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">显示</a>，将物体放置在由此种“斗篷”<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">材料</a>制作的表面上，便会使周围光线发生散射，从而在肉眼眼中“隐身”，不过仍可被红外线<a href="http://sensor.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">传感</a>器或雷达检测到。</div><div><br></div><div> 这种使物体隐形的方法建立在“超材料”研究的基础上，即通过观察光线与物体的相互作用来利用和控制光线。光线照射普通物体时，会被物体反射回去；而“超材料”则可使光线产生折射。科学家将在接下来的研究中采用X射线、红外线和可见光进行实验，继续发掘光线与物体相互作用的奥秘。</div><div><br></div><div> 科幻水准的量子隐形传态</div><div><br></div><div> 量子隐形传态是许多潜在的未来技术的关键。例如，量子密码术可以使用量子隐形传态的方式安全地在两个点之间进行传输数据，并可以自动检测任何入侵。此外，人们可以使用量子隐形传态在一个“量子互联网”上与量子计算机共享数据，并且之前的研究建议就像是宇宙中的原子一样可以在一个瞬间运行更多的计算。</div><div><br></div><div> “在未来，如果你有一个量子计算机，如果用户想使用它，他们可以发送数据到量子计算机并得到相应的结果，就像现代的云计算，”张强说，他是合肥中国科技大学的量子工程师，且是该研究论文的共同高级作者。</div><div><br></div><div> 两个量子隐形传态实验涉及<a href="http://ofc.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">通信</a>距离达7.7英里（12.5公里）之间的三个不同的位置，以模仿未来的量子网络的结构。在之前的相似的这种三点距离的实验设置，其距离是小于0.6英里（1公里）的。</div><div><br></div><div> 以前的实验涉及三个实验室并设置使用可见光脉冲，它不能在光纤内传输很远的距离。相比之下，新的研究采用了在日常的电信网络中所使用的红外光进行，它可以传输更远的距离。他们还使用了在每个城市中的预先存在的光纤网络。</div><div><br></div><div> 长距离量子隐形传态涉及<a href="http://laser.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">激光</a>光束的同步技术，直到他们在单个光子水平才能够彼此分辨，即使光纤铺设在不断变化的几英里距离的环境中。这两个研究团队都受益于最近的单光子探测器的改进，研究人员说。</div><div><br></div><div> “我们很自豪，在现场<a href="http://opticaltest.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">测试</a>中观察到的结果并没有比在实验室测试中观察到的下降多少，”孙启超说，他是中国科技大学的量子工程师并且是该研究论文的主要作者。“这意味着我们的系统具有很强的抗噪声能力，在现实世界的复杂环境中会产生这种噪声。”</div><div><br></div><div> 相比中国科技大学的约两个光子每小时，卡尔加里实验有一个更快的传输速率约17光子每分钟（或每小时1020）。然而，卡尔加里的研究人员实现这种传输速度所设置的程序限制了它的直接在实际中的应用，Frédéric Grosshans是位于法国巴黎南大学的量子信息的研究者，在评论双方的研究中时说。</div><div><br></div><div> 隐形新思路：三维物体平面化</div><div><br></div><div> 美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学的一支科研团队在<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">纳米</a>材料的光学隐形能力方面取得了突破，在未来人类或许真的能够开发出隐形斗篷。这种仅80纳米厚度的纳米材 料<a href="http://opticalfilm.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">薄膜</a>能够让覆盖住的小物体隐形，这里的隐形概念并不像科幻片中那样让光线完全穿透被罩住的物体。而是让被罩住的3D物体看上去如平面一般，比如将这块纳 米布把人盖在地板上，人们只能看到地板和平面的纳米布，并不会显现出人形。</div><div><br></div><div> 科学家解释用这种纳米材料制成的布能够让物体完全平面化，布上由纳米材料的细小金砖构成无数微型天线，光线照射至这块布时能够让光线发生全反射，并不会出现折射或漫反射。如果没有漫反射，人眼就不会辨别出形状，认为这是一块平面。不过目前科学家解释，这块布只能应用至微米级的物体上。他们正在改进技术，未来有可能应用至更大的物体上。另一个需要克服的缺陷是，目前这项技术只能对单一颜色的光隐形，比如通过红光观察物体可能消失，但在蓝光下物体可能仍会显现。</div><div><br></div><div> 特殊隐形材料</div><div><br></div><div> 研究者们发现碳纳米管是已知的最黑的材料之一，这种蜷曲的网状微型结构几乎不散色光。甚至有些人认为纳米管是如此的黑完全可以发展成为一种新的伪装材料，它可以将任何东西都变成扁平的黑斑。</div><div><br></div><div> 为了验证这种想法，科学家们在硅表面蚀刻了坦克图样。就像所有我们每天碰到的物体一样，由于光的散色和反射，这个三维坦克形状的物体清晰可见。然而当科学家们用纳米管覆盖了“坦克”后，“坦克”似乎就消失了，好像变成完全扁平的平面。有关这项伪装技术文章上周发表在《应用<a href="http://theory.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">物理</a>快报》（APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS）上，尽管它还没有做到与环境融为一体，但是却可以把任何东西变成一个鬼魅般的斑影。</div><div><br></div><div><p style="text-align: 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