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type="text/css"></style> <div id="ct" class="ct2 wp cl"> <div class="mn"> <div class="bm_haa cl"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=62" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a><h1 class="xs2">文章</h1> </div></div> <div class="kjkjb"> <div class="bm vw" style="margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="h hm"> <div class="zxtoux"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=54876&size=small" /></div> <h1 class="ph">只用太阳提供能量？能把水从干燥空气中提取出来 </h1> <p class="xg1"> 时间：2017-4-18 10:15<a class="zz" href="home.php?mod=space&uid=54876">作者：update</a> 阅读<em id="_viewnum">(1128)</em> 评论: <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=comment&id=5609&idtype=aid" title="查看全部评论"><em id="_commentnum">5</em></a>来自: 实验帮</p> <div class="zxfb" ><a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=62" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a></div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarytop]--><div id="diysummarytop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="s"> <div class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>虽然从潮湿空气中冷凝水很容易，但从干燥的空气中获取水分的机器需要耗费很大的能量。</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><div> 想象一下，在未来，每个家庭都有这样一个设备，它只需要使用太阳的力量，就可以从空气中提取出所有的家庭日常用水，即使是在干燥或沙漠的气候中。</div><div><br></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201704/18/101509cqpv9r09qxoatr1a.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201704/18/101509cqpv9r09qxoatr1a.jpg"></a></p></div><div><br></div><div> 而这个未来可能马上就要来临了，在本周的一个水收集器的演示实验中，其只用环境的阳光就能每天从湿度只有20%的空气中提取出数升的水，20%的湿度是干旱地区常见的一种湿度水平。</div><div><br></div><div> <b><font color="#f00000">这个在《科学》杂志上进行了报道的<a href="http://solar.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">太阳能</a>驱动的水收集器，是在麻省理工学院使用一种特殊<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">材料</a>——金属有机框架（MOF）材料——制成的，该材料由加州大学伯克利分校制造。</font></b></div><div><br></div><div> “这是从干燥的空气中收集水分这一长期的难题的一个重大突破，”该文章的两位资深作者之一Omar Yaghi说，他是加州大学伯克利分校James and Neeltje Tretter化学客座教授以及劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室的教员科学家。“除了使用额外的能量之外，现在还没有其他的方法可以做到这一点。你家的电动除湿机能够‘生产’非常昂贵的水。”</div><div><br></div><div> 而这个原型机，使用1公斤（2.2磅）的MOF材料在12个小时内可以在20-30%的湿度条件下从空气中提取出2.8升（3夸脱）的水。在麻省理工学院进行的屋顶<a href="http://opticaltest.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">测试</a>证明该设备可以在真实的环境中工作。</div><div><br></div><div> “未来的一个目标是离网供水，那时候你在家里装上这样一台设备，其通过太阳能工作来提供满足家庭需要的水，”Yaghi说，他是伯克利大学全球科学研究所的创始主任，同时也是Kavli能源<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">纳米</a>科学研究所以及由巴斯夫化学公司发起的加利福尼亚研究联盟的联席主任。“对我来说，从这个实验来看这是完全可能的。我称之为个性化供水。”</div><div><br></div><div> Yaghi在20多年前发明了金属有机框架材料，通过将镁或铝与有机物分子以小玩具的排列形式结合在一起，从而制造出刚性，多孔的结构，是储存气体和液体的理想结构。自那以来，全世界的研究人员发明了超过20000种不同的MOF材料。其中有一些MOF能够储存氢气或甲烷等化学品：化学公司巴斯夫正在天然气燃料卡车上测试Yaghi的一种MOF，因为填充了MOF的气罐储存的甲烷量是在普通压力下所能泵进气罐的甲烷量的三倍。</div><div><br></div><div> 另外的MOF材料能够从烟道中捕获二氧化碳，催化所吸收化学品的反应或者在炼油厂内分离石化产物。</div><div><br></div><div> 2014年，Yaghi和他在加州大学伯克利分校的团队将金属锆和己二酸结合制备了一种MOF，该MOF可以结合水蒸气，他向麻省理工学院的<a href="http://machine.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">机械</a>工程师Evelyn Wang建议他们联手将这种MOF变成一个水收集系统。</div><div><br></div><div> 这个由Wang和她的学生设计的系统，包含两磅以上像尘埃一般大小的MOF<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">晶体</a>，其被压缩在一个太阳能吸收器和一个冷凝器<a href="http://display.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">平板</a>之间，然后放置在一个暴露在空气中的腔体内。当环境空气扩散通过多孔MOF时，水分子优先附着到内部表面。X射线衍射研究表明，水蒸气分子往往以八个一组的形式聚集以形成立方体。</div><div><br></div><div> 透过窗户的阳光对MOF进行了加热，使得吸附的水流向冷凝器，冷凝器的温度与外面的空气温度一致。水蒸汽凝结成液态水，滴入收集器。</div><div><br></div><div> “这项工作提供了一种新的方式来收集空气中的水分，其不需要很高的相对湿度条件，也比其他现有的技术更节能，”Wang说。</div><div><br></div><div> Yaghi说，这个概念证明性的水收集器还有很大的改进余地。目前的MOF只能吸收其自身重量的20%的水，但其他的MOF材料可能能吸收40%以上。该材料也可以进行调整，以更有效地在较高或较低湿度水平下工作。</div><div><br></div><div><font color="#f00000"><b> “这不只是我们做了一个被动的装置，坐在那里收集水；而是我们已经奠定了一个实验和<a href="http://theory.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">理论</a>的基础，使我们能够用来筛选其他MOF材料，可以制造出成千上万种可能的材料以找到更好的选项，”他说。“而且还有大量的潜力可以挖掘来增加所收集的水的量。现在只是进一步的工程化问题。”</b></font></div><div><br></div><div> Yaghi和他的团队在努力改善他们的MOF材料，而Wang则继续提高收集系统以产生更多的水。</div><div><br></div><div> “为了让水一直流着，你可以设计一个系统，其可以在夜间吸收水分，并在白天进行蒸馏冷凝，”他说。“或着设计出具有更快速率的太阳能收集器，这样就有更多的空气被推进来。我们想证明，如果你迷失在沙漠里的某个地方，你还可以靠着这个设备生存下来。一个人每天需要一可乐罐左右的水。这是这个系统可以在一个小时内就能收集到的量。”</div><div><br></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201704/18/101535scqsry6fcc2o02co.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201704/18/101535scqsry6fcc2o02co.jpg"></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 25.2px;">欢迎关注光电<a href="http://news.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">资讯</a>微信公众号，每天将由光电工程师<a href="http://club.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">社区</a>网站(oecr.com)编辑团队为您精选行业动态，科技资讯，技术解析，光电<a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=list&catid=62" 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href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-94613.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">04830132</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2017-4-18 16:55</span> </dt> <dd>光电工程师社区还值得一看。</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_12235"></a> <dl id="comment_12235_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(12235, '5609');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-10307.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">兔子</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2017-4-18 14:25</span> </dt> <dd>互相评论下啊。</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_12231"></a> <dl id="comment_12231_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(12231, '5609');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-46014.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">totolala</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2017-4-18 12:25</span> </dt> <dd>挺好，有希望了。</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_12229"></a> <dl id="comment_12229_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(12229, '5609');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-70339.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">oigogo</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2017-4-18 11:25</span> </dt> <dd>我记得好像是2001年开始搞的吧。</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_12227"></a> <dl id="comment_12227_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(12227, '5609');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-65164.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">wabbmm123</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2017-4-18 10:25</span> </dt> <dd>老帖都被翻出来啦。</dd> </dl></div> </div> <!--[diy=diycontentcomment]--><div id="diycontentcomment" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> </div> <div class="sd pph"> <div class="drag"> <!--[diy=diyrighttop]--><div id="diyrighttop" class="area"><div id="frameorJGGx" class="sy_ltdr frame move-span cl frame-1"><div class="frame-title title"><span 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