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type="text/css"></style> <div id="ct" class="ct2 wp cl"> <div class="mn"> <div class="bm_haa cl"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=62" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a><h1 class="xs2">文章</h1> </div></div> <div class="kjkjb"> <div class="bm vw" style="margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="h hm"> <div class="zxtoux"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=54876&size=small" /></div> <h1 class="ph">应用于能源和隐身的轻薄柔性光吸收材料 </h1> <p class="xg1"> 时间：2017-2-8 09:38<a class="zz" href="home.php?mod=space&uid=54876">作者：update</a> 阅读<em id="_viewnum">(1042)</em> 评论: <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=comment&id=5322&idtype=aid" title="查看全部评论"><em id="_commentnum">5</em></a>来自: 实验帮</p> <div class="zxfb" ><a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=62" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a></div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarytop]--><div id="diysummarytop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="s"> <div class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>在阳光明媚的日子里保持建筑物和汽车凉爽的透明窗户镀层。具有超过三倍太阳能电池效率的设备。能够阻挡热检测的轻薄防护罩。这些是工程师们刚开发出来的轻薄柔性光吸收材料的潜在应用。</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><div> 应用于能源和隐身的轻薄柔性光吸收<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">材料</a>。在阳光明媚的日子里保持建筑物和汽车凉爽的透明窗户镀层。具有超过三倍<a href="http://solar.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">太阳能</a>电池效率的设备。能够阻挡热检测的轻薄防护罩。这些是加州大学圣地亚哥分校的工程师们刚开发出来的轻薄柔性光吸收材料的潜在应用。</div><div><br></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201702/08/093716iejeemdjss4l77em.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201702/08/093716iejeemdjss4l77em.jpg"></a></p></div><div><span style="line-height: 1.8em;"><br></span></div><div><span style="line-height: 1.8em;"> <font color="#f00000"><b>这种被称为近完美宽带吸收体的材料，可以吸收87%以上的近红外光（1200到2200<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">纳米</a>波长），而在1550纳米（光纤<a href="http://ofc.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">通信</a>的波长）处的吸收率达到了98%。这种材料能从各个角度吸收光线。<a href="http://theory.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">理论</a>上它还可以被定制化成吸收某些波长的光，同时让别的光通过。</b></font></span><span style="line-height: 1.8em;"><font color="#f00000"><b>“完美”吸收光的材料已经存在，但它们通常非常笨重，而且弯曲时会断裂。而且它们不能被控制成只吸收选定范围的波长，这对于某些应用来说是个缺点。</b></font>想象一下，如果一种用于降温的窗户涂层不仅阻隔了红外线辐射，而且把正常的光线和传输电视和广播节目的无线电波也都隔绝，那会怎么样。</span></div><div><br></div><div> 通过开发一种基于纳米颗粒的新型设计，由加州大学圣地亚哥分校雅各布工程学院的Zhaowei Liu教授和Donald Sirbuly教授领导的团队创造了一种轻薄柔软而且可调谐的宽带吸收器。该项工作在线发表在1月24日的《美国国家科学院学报》上。<span style="line-height: 1.8em;">“这种材料提供了宽带的但是可以选择性地调整到电磁光谱不同部分的吸收，”Liu说。</span></div><div><br></div><div> 该吸收体依赖于一种被称为表面等离子体共振的光学现象，这是出现在金属纳米颗粒表面的自由<a href="http://electronic.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">电子</a>的集体运动与某些波长的光相互作用后产生的效果。金属纳米粒子可以携带大量的自由电子，因此它们表现出强烈的表面等离子体共振——但主要表现在可见光波段，而不是在红外波段。</div><div><br></div><div> 加州大学圣地亚哥分校的工程师认为，如果他们能够改变自由电子载流子的数量，他们可以调整材料的表面等离子体使其共振到不同的光波长。“降低载流子的数目，我们可以使等离子体在红外区域发生共振。而增加载流子的数目，也就是有更多的电子，我们可以使等离子体在紫外光波段发生共振，”Sirbuly说。这个途径的问题在于，它很难在金属上实现。</div><div><br></div><div> 为了解决这一挑战，工程师们用可通过修改或掺杂来达到携带不同数量自由电子的<a href="http://sensor.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">半导体</a>材料来设计和制造了一种吸收体。研究人员使用了一种叫做氧化锌的具有适中的自由电子数目的材料，并与其对应的金属形式铝掺杂氧化锌进行结合，铝掺杂氧化锌具有大量的自由电子——虽然不像真正的金属那么多，但足以使它具有红外光学性质。</div><div><br></div><div> 这些材料在加州大学圣地亚哥分校高通研究所的Nano3超净间设备的先进纳米制造技术以精确的方式进行混合和形成结构。该材料在硅衬底上被逐个原子层地沉积以形成一个立着的纳米管阵列，每个纳米管由交替的氧化锌和铝掺杂氧化锌同心环构成。这些管子高为1730纳米，直径为650到770纳米，间距不到100纳米。然后该纳米管阵列被从硅衬底上转移到纤薄而具有弹性的聚合物上。其结果是得到一种轻薄柔性而且在可见光波段透明的材料。</div><div><br></div><div> “在这个设计中，我们可以改变不同的参数来调整材料的吸收带：纳米管之间的间隙大小，材料的比例，材料的类型，以及电子载流子的浓度。我们的模拟结果表明这是可能的，”Conor Riley说，他是加州大学圣地亚哥分校新毕业的纳米工程博士以及本论文的第一作者。Riley目前是Sirbuly的组里的博士后研究员。</div><div><br></div><div> 研究人员说，这些只是这种基于粒子的设计的一些令人兴奋的功能。这也有可能转移到任何类型的衬底上，也可以规模化以制造出大面积的器件，例如用于大型窗户的宽带吸收器。“纳米材料通常不会在尺度大于几厘米的水平上进行制作，所以这将是在这个方向上迈出的一大步，”Sirbuly说。</div><div><br></div><div> 该技术目前仍处于开发阶段。Liu和Sirbuly的团队继续共同努力，探索不同的材料、结构和设计来开发用在不同应用上的工作在不同波长的吸收器。</div><div><br></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201702/08/093748qms0ovo80j0u40kz.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201702/08/093748qms0ovo80j0u40kz.jpg"></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 25.2px;">欢迎关注光电<a href="http://news.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">资讯</a>微信公众号，每天将由光电工程师<a href="http://club.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">社区</a>网站(oecr.com)编辑团队为您精选行业动态，科技资讯，技术解析，光电<a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=list&catid=62" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">科普</a>等精彩内容，欢迎交换友情链接</span><span style="line-height: 25.2px;">(</span><b style="line-height: 25.2px;"><a 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