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<div class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>知识点：准分子激光是氟氩两种气体混合后经激发而产生的一种人眼看不见的紫外光，其波长仅193纳米，不会穿入眼内，属冷激光，无热效应，能以“照射”方式对人眼角膜组织进行精确气化，达到“切削”和“雕琢”角膜的 ...</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><div>知识点：准分子<a href="http://laser.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">激光</a>是氟氩两种气体混合后经激发而产生的一种人眼看不见的紫外光，其波长仅193<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">纳米</a>，不会穿入眼内，属冷激光，无热效应，能以“照射”方式对人眼角膜组织进行精确气化，达到“切削”和“雕琢”角膜的目的。</div><div><br></div><div>激光于1960年被发明，但是直到1987年才用于外科手术，最早是应用在矫正近视方面。</div><div><br></div><div>1987年，Trokel等人将IBM公司发明用以切割芯片的准分子激光用于人眼角膜上，应用准确计量的准分子激光直接汽化角膜的部分组织，以达到改变眼角膜曲度的目的。20世纪90年代初，美国FDA开始准分子激光角膜表面切削术（PRK）的临床实验，开始用激光治疗近视。</div><div><br></div><div>如今家喻户晓的LASIK近视激光手术是霍拉姆·佩曼于1989年发明的，它的全称是“准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术”（laser in situ keratomileusis, LASIK）。</div><div><br></div><div>2013年2月，佩曼获得美国最高科技奖“国家技术和创新奖”，在白宫接受了奥巴马总统颁奖，发展了几十年的激光近视手术再次被社会和医学界所肯定。LASIK是当今国际眼科界最常见的屈光角膜手术。</div><div style="text-align: center;"><p><a href="data/attachment/portal/201609/20/100400r65bcf469fb985p9.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201609/20/100400r65bcf469fb985p9.jpg"></a></p></div><div>LASIK的原理是什么呢？简单来讲，我们的角膜提供了整个眼睛屈光力的约2/3，LASIK手术正是通过改变角膜屈光率来达到矫正近视的目的。</div><div><br></div><div>具体来讲，LASIK手术的原理是用一种特殊的极其精密的微型角膜板层切割系统（简称角膜刀）将角膜表层组织制作成一个带蒂的圆形角膜瓣，翻转角膜瓣后，在计算机控制下，用准分子激光对瓣下的角膜基质层拟去除的部分组织予以精确气化，然后于瓣下冲洗并将角膜瓣复位，以此改变角膜前表面的形态，调整角膜的屈光力。</div><div><br></div><div>准分子激光是氟氩两种气体混合后经激发而产生的一种人眼看不见的超紫外光，其波长仅193纳米，它属冷激光，无热效应。这个波长的激光吸收范围窄，激光的能量几乎完全被角膜上皮细胞和基质吸收，超过这个范围的组织不会吸收到激光，所以它对人眼角膜组织进行精确气化，既达到“切削”和“雕琢”角膜的目的，而又不损伤周围组织和其他器官。</div><div><br></div><div>如同所有其他手术一样，LASIK手术也有其适应症和禁忌症。在实施手术前，医生会对患者的身体情况进行全面评估，只有符合手术条件的眼睛才能在LASIK术中获益，同时将风险降至最低。</div><div style="text-align: center;"><p><a 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