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type="text/css"></style> <div id="ct" class="ct2 wp cl"> <div class="mn"> <div class="bm_haa cl"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=62" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a><h1 class="xs2">文章</h1> </div></div> <div class="kjkjb"> <div class="bm vw" style="margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="h hm"> <div class="zxtoux"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=54876&size=small" /></div> <h1 class="ph">揭开LIGO激光干涉观测台神秘面纱 </h1> <p class="xg1"> 时间：2016-2-23 14:21<a class="zz" href="home.php?mod=space&uid=54876">作者：update</a> 阅读<em id="_viewnum">(2158)</em> 评论: <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=comment&id=4063&idtype=aid" title="查看全部评论"><em id="_commentnum">6</em></a></p> <div class="zxfb" ><a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=62" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a></div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarytop]--><div id="diysummarytop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="s"> <div class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>自春节以来，最为轰动的科技新闻莫过于首次探测到了引力波的存在，从而证实了爱因斯坦百年前在广义相对论中的预言。引力波的相关消息如潮水般的涌来，现在也正如潮水般的渐渐退却，但探测到引力波的观测台（LIGO）却 ...</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><div style="text-align: center;"><p><a href="data/attachment/portal/201602/23/145358ty8wp7pny8xl5owp.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201602/23/145358ty8wp7pny8xl5owp.jpg"></a></p></div><div><p><span style="line-height: 1.8em;">自春节以来，</span><span style="line-height: 25.2px;">最为轰动的科技新闻莫过于首次探测到了引力波的存在，</span><span style="line-height: 25.2px;">从而证实了爱因斯坦百年前在广义相对论中的预言。</span><span style="line-height: 1.8em;">引力波的相关消息如潮水般的涌来，现在也正如潮水般的渐渐退却，但探测到引力波的观测台</span><span style="line-height: 25.2px;">（LIGO）</span><span style="line-height: 1.8em;">却给人们留下了深刻的印象。</span></p><p><span style="line-height: 1.8em;"><br></span></p><p><span style="line-height: 1.8em;">LIGO<a href="http://laser.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">激光</a>干涉引力波观测台是由加州理工和麻省理工合作建造，位于美国华盛顿州汉福德地区，引力波如此微弱，它是如何探测到的呢？他的构造用到了哪些光电技术呢？</span><span style="line-height: 25.2px;">小编带您走进捕捉神秘莫测引力波踪迹的观测台去一窥究竟。</span></p><div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201602/23/145358hl9f76xo8q4ivf4x.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201602/23/145358hl9f76xo8q4ivf4x.jpg"></a></p></div><div><span style="line-height: 1.8em;">LIGO全景，相互垂直的两条激光干涉基线各自长达四千米，并且激光在基线内反射了400次，光路总长度达到1600千米，即使这样，这次探测到的引力波振幅也仅仅只有10的负21次方，大约相当于一个质子半径长度。说它是世界上最精密的探测仪器，不为过。</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><p><a href="data/attachment/portal/201602/23/145358ijiitl1l9kzjgg1i.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201602/23/145358ijiitl1l9kzjgg1i.jpg"></a></p></div><div><span style="line-height: 1.8em;">正因为引力波是如此微弱，建在地上的LIGO需要极其精妙的设计来避免干扰。在宣布发现引力波的发布会上，麻省理工的莱纳·魏斯正在向媒体演示LIGO消除震动干扰的原理：高频摇动锤摆的绳端，锤摆并不会受到干扰。顺便提一句，这位老教首先提出了使用激光干涉来探测引力波的原理，是LIGO的<a href="http://theory.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">理论</a>之父。</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><p><a href="data/attachment/portal/201602/23/145400x8613ql1kolf8o6d.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201602/23/145400x8613ql1kolf8o6d.jpg"></a></p></div><div><span style="line-height: 25.2px;">魏斯手中的锤摆化成LIGO的实际成品就是图中这样，升级后的LIGO使用了更复杂更精密的抗干扰设备，但原理还是一样，激光反射镜是吊在基线管道里。</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><p><a href="data/attachment/portal/201602/23/145359yt0ttsfyn00gqtx0.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201602/23/145359yt0ttsfyn00gqtx0.jpg"></a></p></div><div><span style="line-height: 1.8em;">反射镜上面是基于主动减震技术的隔离平台，就是图中这个科研人员正在摆弄的台子，可以看做是大号的相机光学防抖。</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><p><a href="data/attachment/portal/201602/23/145359mfqezy1eiddqqqmt.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201602/23/145359mfqezy1eiddqqqmt.jpg"></a></p></div><div>LIGO的核心部件之一，纯二氧化硅制的反射镜，纯到什么程度，每300万个光子入射，只有一个光子会被镜子吸收，甚至比空气还要通透。</div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201602/23/145359xsbcfuhsu7mxgcs1.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201602/23/145359xsbcfuhsu7mxgcs1.jpg"></a></p></div><div>科研人员正在维护LIGO的激光干涉基线管道，工作时激光经过的管道要抽成真空，，气压仅为万亿分之一个标准大气压，仅次于欧洲大型强子对撞机回旋臂管道。</div><div style="text-align: center;"><p><a href="data/attachment/portal/201602/23/145401khnhezmieem897bh.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201602/23/145401khnhezmieem897bh.jpg"></a></p></div><div>技术人员在检查激光反射光学部件。从原理上讲，LIGO类似小时候玩的镜子反光游戏，经过精密设计的两束激光通过反射相互垂直并形成光波干涉抵消，如果被引力波影响，整个LIGO会产生轻微形变，但光速不变，从而使两束激光波峰波谷相互错位而产生电信号。</div></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201602/23/145400zxybqehqdjb2d9jd.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201602/23/145400zxybqehqdjb2d9jd.jpg"></a></p></div><div><div style="text-align: center;">实际上，采用激光干涉原理探测引力波的不只是美国LIGO，还有意大利的VIRGO，这是技术人员在操作VIRGO</div><div style="text-align: center;"><p><a href="data/attachment/portal/201602/23/145400dzg7341qt9t6heeo.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201602/23/145400dzg7341qt9t6heeo.jpg"></a></p></div><div style="text-align: center;">VIRGO的工作人员在维护反射镜</div><div style="text-align: center;"><p><a href="data/attachment/portal/201602/23/145400b1t1ho06vi55ivz5.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201602/23/145400b1t1ho06vi55ivz5.jpg"></a></p></div><div style="text-align: center;"><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 1.8em;">相比LIGO四千米厂的激光臂，VIRGO的3千米激光臂稍短，或许这一点差异正是LIGO首先探测到引力波的原因</span></p></div></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><p><a href="data/attachment/portal/201602/23/143906gzu1l0i0qleqizkk.jpg" target="_blank"><img 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