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type="text/css"></style> <div id="ct" class="ct2 wp cl"> <div class="mn"> <div class="bm_haa cl"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=62" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a><h1 class="xs2">文章</h1> </div></div> <div class="kjkjb"> <div class="bm vw" style="margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="h hm"> <div class="zxtoux"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=54876&size=small" /></div> <h1 class="ph">摄影新手必学的光学基础知识：光圈 </h1> <p class="xg1"> 时间：2015-12-22 10:31<a class="zz" href="home.php?mod=space&uid=54876">作者：update</a> 阅读<em id="_viewnum">(2123)</em> 评论: <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=comment&id=3754&idtype=aid" title="查看全部评论"><em id="_commentnum">6</em></a></p> <div class="zxfb" ><a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=62" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a></div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarytop]--><div id="diysummarytop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="s"> <div class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>现在很多人都有自己的相机、摄像机，那我们知道什么是光圈？光圈的用途是什么？光圈和景深的之间有什么关系呢？了解这些对特别是新手爱好摄影的人，是很有帮助的，今天和大家一起重温光学的基础知识吧！</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><p align="left" style="line-height: 25.2px;"> <font face="宋体" size="3"> </font><span style="font-family: 宋体;">现在很多人都有自己的相机、摄像机，那我们知道什么是光圈？光圈的用途是什么？光圈和景深的之间有什么关系呢？了解这些对特别是新手爱好摄影的人，是很有帮助的，今天和大家一起重温光学的基础知识吧！</span></p><p align="left" style="line-height: 25.2px;"><font face="宋体" size="3"></font><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一、什么是光圈</span></p><p align="left" style="line-height: 25.2px;"><font face="宋体" size="3"></font><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">光圈是用来控制透过镜头进入机身内感光面的光量，是镜头的一个极其重要的指标参数，通常在镜头内。它的大小决定着通过镜头进入感光元件的光线的多少。光圈的大小我们会用数字表达，数字愈细，代表光圈愈大，数字愈大，光圈相对地较小。像上图，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">f/2.8</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">是大光圈，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">f/22</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">便是小光圈，我们会说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">f/2.8</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">比</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">f/4</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">的光圈为大，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">f/16</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">比</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;">f/11</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">的光圈为小。光圈对照片的影响主要有两大项，一是镜头的进光量，二是相片的景深</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span></p><p align="center" style="line-height: 25.2px;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><img class="cur1" src="http://www.oecr.com/data/attachment/portal/201512/22/103331oddwx3voogdh3d32.jpg.thumb.jpg"></span></p><div align="left" style="line-height: 25.2px;"></div><p style="line-height: 25.2px;"></p><p align="center"><br></p><p align="left"><font size="3"></font><span style="font-family: 宋体;">二、光圈如何控制进光量？</span></p><p align="left"><font size="3"></font><font face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></font><span style="font-family: 宋体;">我们可以把光圈想像成瞳孔，当光线强烈时，瞳孔会自动收细，当光线变弱时，瞳孔便会放大，等于相机的「光圈」——当我们把光圈调大，自然可以让更多光线进入相机，反之亦然。但什么时候选用光圈拍照，则取决于你想拍出什么效果。例如拍照时环境光源不足，我们会使用较大光圈来获取更多的进光量，减低手震令相片模糊的状况出现。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">而光圈亦会影响照片锐利度及对比度，每支镜头都有自己的最佳光圈值，在这个光圈值拍摄，可以拍到最锐利的最佳影象，一般而言是落在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><font face="Calibri"> f/4 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">至</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"><font face="Calibri"> f/8 </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">左右。</span></p><p align="center"><font size="3"></font><span lang="EN-US"><font size="3"><img width="320" height="247" alt="http://www.oecr.com/data/attachment/portal/201512/22/104020zr1bct8nl22r1v28.jpg.thumb.jpg" 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" v:shapes="图片_x0020_17"></font></span></p><p align="center"><font size="3"></font><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10pt;">人眼构造和光圈相似，在光线不足的时候，瞳孔会自动放大吸进更多光线，相反在光线充足时，会自动缩细，减少让光线进入眼睛</span></p><p align="left"><font size="3"></font><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">三、光圈与景深</span></p><p align="center"><font size="3"></font><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Calibri"> <img width="320" height="320" alt="http://www.oecr.com/data/attachment/portal/201512/22/104305esr9s9tp34v9loit.jpg.thumb.jpg" 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" v:shapes="图片_x0020_16"></font></span></p><p align="left"><font size="3"></font><font face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></font></p><p align="left">很多初接触摄影的朋友，都会对拍出「前清后朦」的照片感到疑惑，常嚷着为什么别人可以拍得出来，自己用同样的机子跟镜头却拍不出来，所谓「前清后朦」，在摄影中我们称为「景深」，景深和光圈有着直接关系。<font size="3"></font></p><p align="center"><a class="opattach"><img class="cur1" src="http://www.oecr.com/data/attachment/portal/201512/22/104655t4ctpaoht555c54e.jpg.thumb.jpg"></a></p><p align="center"><a class="opattach"><img class="cur1" src="http://www.oecr.com/data/attachment/portal/201512/22/104656u4mlk8w3k4m0lz30.jpg.thumb.jpg"></a><font face="Calibri" size="2"> </font></p><p align="center"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10pt;">浅景深，景深（相片清晰范围短）</span></p><p align="center"><a class="opattach"><img class="cur1" src="http://www.oecr.com/data/attachment/portal/201512/22/104656piw5h73jowc7287h.jpg.thumb.jpg"></a></p><p align="left"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 10pt;">深景深，景深（相片清晰范围阔）</span></p><p align="left"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><font face="Calibri"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">「景深」是指在一幅相片中「清晰」的范围（也就是上图的「清晰部份」），在我们肉眼看起来清晰的部份，我们会称之为景深范围。</span></p><p align="left"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><font face="Calibri"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">「前清后朦」的照片主要是因为「浅景深」，即比较短的景深深度，景深的深浅主要取决于以下元素：</span></p><p align="left"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">镜头的光圈大小</span></p><p align="left"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">镜头的焦距长短</span></p><p align="left"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><font face="Calibri"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">摄影主体的远近</span></p><p align="left"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">感光元件的大小</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><font face="Calibri">*</font></span></p><p align="left"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><font face="Calibri"> </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">景深并不会一下子突然由锐利变成模糊，而是逐渐趋向模糊。事实上，由焦点（中间的白色棋子）开始，前面或后面的部份已渐渐开始模糊，只是我们的肉眼，要去到一定模糊程度才能够察觉到有关变化。</span></p><p align="left"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">四、光圈如何影响景深？</span></p><p align="left"><strong></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">光圈越大（</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><font face="Calibri">f </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">值越小），景深越浅（前景</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><font face="Calibri">/</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">背景看上去就像化掉一样）</span></p><p align="left"><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">光圈越小（</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><font face="Calibri">f </font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">值越大），景深越深（就是前景</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 12pt;"><font face="Calibri">/</font></span><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">背景看上去比较清楚）</span></p><p align="left"><font size="3"></font><span style="font-family: 宋体; font-size: 12pt;">五、实际应用</span></p><p align="left"><span style="line-height: 25.2px; font-family: 宋体;"><font size="3"></font></span></p><p align="left"><font size="3"></font><span style="font-family: 宋体;">在拍风景相片时，如果想得出整张照片都是清晰的影像，我们会使用广角镜头，把光圈较细如</span><font face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US">f/11</span></font><span style="font-family: 宋体;">至</span><font face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US">f/16</span></font></p></td></tr></table> <!--[diy=diycontentbottom]--><div id="diycontentbottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <script src="data/cache/home.js?eOg" type="text/javascript"></script> <div id="click_div"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="atd"> <tr><td> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/home.php?mod=spacecp&ac=click&op=add&clickid=1&idtype=aid&id=3754&hash=af78160eba6e25ae5a7ff7f860a7fa87&handlekey=clickhandle" id="click_aid_3754_1" onclick="showWindow(this.id, this.href);doane(event);"> <img src="static/image/click/jidan.gif" alt="" 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<dd>秀起来~</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_2721"></a> <dl id="comment_2721_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(2721, '3754');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-30574.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">dgkbbbahz</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2015-12-22 12:46</span> </dt> <dd>企业动态更新挺及时。</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_2720"></a> <dl id="comment_2720_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(2720, '3754');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-48229.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">xxdyy</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2015-12-22 12:16</span> </dt> <dd>这里不知道谁管理的，还可以。</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_2719"></a> <dl id="comment_2719_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(2719, '3754');">引用</a> </span> <a 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