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type="text/css"></style> <div id="ct" class="ct2 wp cl"> <div class="mn"> <div class="bm_haa cl"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=57" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a><h1 class="xs2">文章</h1> </div></div> <div class="kjkjb"> <div class="bm vw" style="margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="h hm"> <div class="zxtoux"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=129775&size=small" /></div> <h1 class="ph">光切换保护系统在DWDM中的应用 </h1> <p class="xg1"> 时间：2013-9-12 16:09<a class="zz" href="home.php?mod=space&uid=129775">作者：cofiber123</a> 阅读<em id="_viewnum">(2038)</em> 评论: <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=comment&id=3309&idtype=aid" title="查看全部评论"><em id="_commentnum">1</em></a></p> <div class="zxfb" ><a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=57" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a></div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarytop]--><div id="diysummarytop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="s"> <div class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>WDM网络主要保护方式：基于光通道的1+1或1：n的保护、OLP保护、双发选收保护及收发双选保护。这些方式能有效的提高网络的安全性，但是成本也比较高，相对其他层面的保护不够灵活。在实际系统中，光纤、光缆的可靠性比 ...</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(103, 111, 120); font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; "> WDM网络主要保护方式：基于光通道的1+1或1：n的保护、OLP保护、双发选收保护及收发双选保护。这些方式能有效的提高网络的安全性，但是成本也比较高，相对其他层面的保护不够灵活。在实际系统中，光纤、光缆的可靠性比设备的可靠性要差，只对系统保护，而不对线路保护，实际效用也不是太大。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(103, 111, 120); font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; "> 因此，一种方便、灵活、投资小的光自动保护技术应运而生，它可有效解决目前的保护问题，提供经济、实用、安全的保护网络。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(103, 111, 120); font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; "> 光自动切换保护系统由自动切换站和网管组成，可以实现光系统切换保护、光功率监测和光路应急调度三大主要功能。是<a href="http://ofc.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">通信</a>网的重要通信光纤路由的安全保护的最经济，最实用的解决方案。 可以组建一个无阻断、安全灵活、高可靠性、抗灾害能力强的<a href="http://ofc.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">光通信</a>网。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(103, 111, 120); font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; "> 光自动切换保护系统的切换模块是集光功率监测、<a href="http://www.cofiber.net/product/product_30_1.html" target="_blank" title="光开关" style="color: rgb(103, 111, 120); text-decoration: none; ">光开关</a>控制、稳定光源监测于一体的高集成度模块。光功率监测模块和<a href="http://www.cofiber.net/product/product_30_1.html" target="_blank" title="光开关" style="color: rgb(103, 111, 120); text-decoration: none; ">光开关</a>控制模块之间协调工作，选用分光比97：3在干线上应用比较合适，相当于在传输线路上增加了约0.2dB的衰耗；光路切换模块要包含1×2或2×2<a href="http://www.cofiber.net/product/product_30_1.html" target="_blank" title="光开关" style="color: rgb(103, 111, 120); text-decoration: none; ">光开关</a>，受控完成在主、备用光路由之间的切换操作。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(103, 111, 120); font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; "> 光功率监测模块实时监测通信光纤的光功率值并上报给主控模块；主控模块分析比较，发现光功率变化值超过预设切换门限即刻给<a href="http://www.cofiber.net/product/product_30_1.html" target="_blank" title="光开关" style="color: rgb(103, 111, 120); text-decoration: none; ">光开关</a>模块下发指令；<a href="http://www.cofiber.net/product/product_30_1.html" target="_blank" title="光开关" style="color: rgb(103, 111, 120); text-decoration: none; ">光开关</a>模块受到指令即刻发生切换动作。从而实现了切换动作。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(103, 111, 120); font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; "> 光路自动切换保护设备介入干线传输系统时丝毫不会影响传输特性。实际上，切换设备只介入<a href="http://www.cofiber.net/product/product_30_1.html" target="_blank" title="光开关" style="color: rgb(103, 111, 120); text-decoration: none; ">光开关</a>和分光器两种无源光器件。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(103, 111, 120); font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; "> 切换单元的一端连接着传输系统的收发，主用光缆和备用光缆分别连接在2x2<a href="http://www.cofiber.net/product/product_30_1.html" target="_blank" title="光开关" style="color: rgb(103, 111, 120); text-decoration: none; ">光开关</a>的两个输出端。当光路发生光功率异常时，<a href="http://www.cofiber.net/product/product_30_1.html" target="_blank" title="光开关" style="color: rgb(103, 111, 120); text-decoration: none; ">光开关</a>自动切换到备用路由。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(103, 111, 120); font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; "> 据了解，光自动切换保护系统具有以下优势：</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(103, 111, 120); font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; "> 切换可靠性高，通过对光功率实施监测，避免光端机架的误告警，确保切换判断的无误。同时对备用光纤路由进行监测，确保切换的有效性，并且对倒换后的光路继续进行监测。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(103, 111, 120); font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; "> 切换速度快，<a href="http://www.cofiber.net/product/product_30_1.html" target="_blank" title="光开关" style="color: rgb(103, 111, 120); text-decoration: none; ">光开关</a>的切换速度一般为5ms，加上系统分析、响应的时间，单端切换时间小于20ms，整个系统的切换时间小于50ms，切换动作基本可以做到不中断通信，达到了业务级的保护水平。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(103, 111, 120); font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; "> 应急调度功能方便，只需从程序发出切换指令，即可调配路由，方便地实现了无阻断割接和线路检修工作。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(103, 111, 120); font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; "> 切换设备对于传输系统是透明的，即切换设备对传输系统的类型没有要求，无论SDH还是DWDM均可以使用。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(103, 111, 120); font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; "> 光自动切换保护系统对于DWDM是一个即经济又安全的一种线路保护方法，但是把光自动保护系统介入到DWDM系统之中，还有很多问题需要考虑。</p><p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(103, 111, 120); font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px; line-height: 21px; "> 以分光器为97：3分光计算，一对光切换设备的插损约为2dB，介入光切换设备后，系统又额外增加了两个光跳纤，插损估计为1dB，所以整个切换设备的介入，<a href="http://theory.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">理论</a>上最大将会带来3dB的衰耗，而实际使用中仅在1.5-2.5dB间的情况较多。<br> 如果主备路由的全程衰耗均匀，则系统对备用线路不用考虑。如果备用路由的衰耗过大，则需要考虑在备用路由中使用EDFA，对备用线路进行放大。放大的原则就是，备用路由比主用路由的线路衰耗大多少，EDFA就补偿多少。当然，EDFA一般留有一定的余量可调。<br> 信噪比OSNR值方面。以2.5G系统为例，如果无FEC功能，OSNR>20dB；如果有FEC功能，OSNR>16dB。而10G系统如果有FEC功能，OSNR>20dB。<br> 介入光切换设备以后，全程衰耗会降低3dB，系统的OSNR值也将会降低3dB，如果这时DWDM系统仍能够满足开通需求，则不需要再介入EDFA。如果不能满足DWDM系统的开通需求，则需要介入EDFA光放大器，EDFA的介入，虽然增加了NFEDFA(一般取5.5dB)，但也降低了线路的全程衰耗并提高了单波的<a href="http://light.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">发光</a>功率，整体上OSNR值比介入前稍有提高。<br> 光纤的色散用色散系数来衡量，色散系数就是两个波长间隔为1nm的两个光波传输1 km长度光纤到达时间之差，单位为ps/nm·km。G.652光纤上色散系数为17 ps/nm·km，G.655光纤上色散系数为6.5ps/nm·km，2.5G的信号一般不需要进行补偿。10G信号由于色散容限比较小，10G速率信号在G.652光纤上传输距离超过了30km就需要进行色散补偿，如果在G.655光纤上传输距离超过了100km也需要进行补偿。色散补偿的原则是色散补偿后必需留有10～30km余量，色散补偿最好是色散容限正负交替，效果最好。<br> 目前多采用分段放置用色散补偿光纤(DCF)制成的色散补偿模块(DCM)，周期性地使光纤链路上累积的色散接近于零的方法进行色散补偿。一般说来，备路由的色散量应和主用路由相当。<br> 需要注意的是，DCF光纤的插损一般比较大，所以一般DCM模块与EDFA一起使用。<br> 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