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type="text/css"></style> <div id="ct" class="ct2 wp cl"> <div class="mn"> <div class="bm_haa cl"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=59" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a><h1 class="xs2">文章</h1> </div></div> <div class="kjkjb"> <div class="bm vw" style="margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="h hm"> <div class="zxtoux"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=10207&size=small" /></div> <h1 class="ph">墨子光学五句话 </h1> <p class="xg1"> 时间：2010-7-5 17:26<a class="zz" href="home.php?mod=space&uid=10207">作者：乏味</a> 阅读<em id="_viewnum">(3744)</em> 评论: <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=comment&id=882&idtype=aid" title="查看全部评论"><em id="_commentnum">1</em></a></p> <div class="zxfb" ><a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=59" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a></div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarytop]--><div id="diysummarytop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="s"> <div class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>先看墨子(约前468-前376)在《墨经》里有关的几句话: 1：景，光至，景亡；若在，尽古息;2：景，木柂，景短大.木正，景长小.大小于木，则景大于木.非独小也，远近;3,鉴团景一;4,景不徙，说在改为;5,住景二，说在重.</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><P>先看墨子(约前468-前376)在《墨经》里有关的几句话: 1：景，光至，景亡；若在，尽古息;2：景，木柂，景短大.木正，景长小.大小于木，则景大于木.非独小也，远近;3,鉴团景一;4,景不徙，说在改为;5,住景二，说在重.</P> <P>这5句话涉及的是光的直线前进和反射规律,由于年代久远和断句问题,所以有点晦涩难懂.</P> <P>按刀妹的理解,上面5句话,既不是定义,也不是公理或定律,算是对现象的描述好了，正如咱的各种算经，大多是例题的水平，远不能和《几何原本》相比，其实，早在两千多年前，古希腊人就已经注意区分是定理还是问题了.</P> <P>下面是一般性的理解,三者是不同的范畴.<BR>一,定律:为实践和事实所证明，反映事物发展变化的客观规律的论断,如牛顿定律.(实验)<BR>二,定理:用逻辑方法判断为正确并作为推理的根据的真命题,如勾股定理.(推理)<BR>三，公理:经过长期实践检验、不需证明同时也无法证明的客观规律，如欧几里得几何的五条公理.(公认)</P> <P>李约瑟研究过许多文言文典籍,每有夸大溢美之辞,他评价墨子的光学研究:“比我们任何所知的希腊为早”，刀妹不以为然,古希腊人的早慧是公认的,是西方文明的源头,在诸多领域领先上千年,对光学也有过论述的,从对宇宙的认识和天文学之发达就能窥见一斑.人家已经认识到月蚀的真正原因了，能根据影子呈圆弧形认识到大地是球形的，能<a href="http://opticaltest.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">测量</a>月亮直径和地月距离，能测量地球周长，能发现岁差，怎么光学反倒不如人了呢.</P> <P>可以说,墨子或《墨经》的科学含量不算高,思想性也要逊色些,大多处于定义或描述的水平,如说“圜，一中同长也.” ,这样的定义远不能和圆锥曲线相比,人家已经有了穷竭法,有了螺线蚌线,咱才刚定义圆.</P> <P>比墨子早百多年的毕达哥拉斯已经知道辰星和昏星是同一颗行星---水星,这需要的就不只是光的直线前进或反射<a href="http://theory.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">理论</a>了.(原文来源：柳叶刀妹 <A href="http://hexun.com/XQW55555">http://hexun.com/XQW55555</A>)</P></td></tr></table> <!--[diy=diycontentbottom]--><div id="diycontentbottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <script src="data/cache/home.js?eOg" type="text/javascript"></script> <div id="click_div"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="atd"> <tr><td> <a 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