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class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>这似乎是周一在麻省理工学院（MIT）的区块链会议上，加密货币行业的主要收获。</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><div> 监管：这对你有好处，但你会受到伤害。</div><div><br></div><div> 这似乎是周一在麻省理工学院（MIT）的区块链会议上，加密货币行业的主要收获。</div><div><br></div><div> 一方面，有猜测称美国证券交易委员会（SEC）可能会将市值最大的三个代币中的两个——以太坊和Ripple的XRP按照市值作为证券进行分类，这一决定可能会使许多行业成员受到法律惩罚——远远超出了最近几个月已经在进行的代币发行私募项目的发起者。</div><div><br></div><div> 这些担忧在当天晚些时候变得更为严重，金融服务监管部门的Gary Gensler向公众证实，在他看来，比特币的两个最大竞争对手可能符合美国法律中对证券的描述。</div><div><br></div><div> 商品期货交易委员会前主席Gensler表示：“2014年的Ripple Labs或以太坊基金会确实看起来像是一个普通<a href="http://b.oecr.com/company" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">企业</a>。Ripple为提高XRP的价值做了很多工作。”</div><div><br></div><div> （所谓的Howey<a href="http://opticaltest.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">测试</a>表明，如果某项投资是对“普通企业”的投资，并且期望通过其他人的努力获得利润，则根据美国法律，这项投资是安全的。）</div><div><br></div><div> 然而，另一方面，对于监管机构越来越多地参与到该领域的行为，大家普遍持乐观态度。</div><div><br></div><div> 例如，麻省理工学院媒体实验室数字货币倡议组织主任Neha Narula告诉记者，由于猖獗的骗子破坏市场的完整性，监管不力实际上可能会阻碍参与者从而扼杀创新。</div><div><br></div><div> 与Gensler看法相同，Narula表示，就许多新兴加密货币实际上都是证券的问题上，需要进行更深入地探讨。</div><div><br></div><div> 然而，两者之间可能没有明确的界限。</div><div><br></div><div> 正如Narula说道：“我们意识到金钱与公平并不是二元选择，而是一个范围。”</div><div><br></div><div> 未来的难题</div><div><br></div><div> 这种认识可能会对加密货币行业产生严重影响。</div><div><br></div><div> Cooley 律师事务所律师，兼Harvard's Berkman Klein Center 互联网与社会中心研究员Patrick Murck告诉记者，如果美国证券交易委员会（SEC）同意Gensler的观点的话，数字货币经济可能即将发生重大转变。</div><div><br></div><div> 如果以太坊和XRP被视为证券，加密货币交易所和一般行业的推广者或基金会，或任何向普通大众出售或传播像以太坊这样的项目的人，都可能受到法律制裁。</div><div><br></div><div> “这就像在木桶里补鱼一样。”他说道:“如果投资者确信你可以提供一些东西，那么区块链可以让你免受投资者保护条例的困扰。”</div><div><br></div><div> 在这一点上，Gensler在谈话中引用了几个理由，就是以太坊和XRP的发行交易方式似乎符合证券的定义。</div><div><br></div><div> 例如，2014年以太坊crowdsale为在网络上线之前购买令牌的人创造了利润预期。</div><div><br></div><div> “在发行的头42天内，以太坊基金会提供50％的增值权，”Gensler说道。（华盛顿特区的工业智库Coin Center迅速发表声明，称“以太不安全”，并反驳了Gensler的观点。）</div><div><br></div><div> 与此同时，对于新代币的发行者来说，即使有来自监管机构和律师的更多反馈，也几乎不可能做到这一点。</div><div><br></div><div> 例如，所谓的“空降”，曾经被认为是一种避免违反证券法的方式，它只是简单地向已经拥有某种加密货币钱包的人发送免费的代币，制造一种两头都不讨好的该死的状况。</div><div><br></div><div> 如果发行方未能收集到有关空投物资的信息，他们可能会在无意中违反国际制裁（如果这个钱包属于伊朗的某个人，那该怎么办？）另一方面，根据Murck的说法，如果他们确实收集了这些信息，那么空投可能会开始看起来像是监管机构应该关注的投资。</div><div><br></div><div> “美国证券交易委员会（SEC）已经对Howey测试的第一部分进行了大体解读，”Murck告诉记者“收集信息可能足以满足第一步 - 将空投挂钩为投资金钱”。</div><div><br></div><div> 长期利益?</div><div><br></div><div> 即便如此，Murck还是在会议上与其他与会者一起欢迎监管机构的参与。</div><div><br></div><div> “他们正在成为我们区块链<a href="http://club.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">社区</a>的一部分，这是一件很有价值的事情，”Murck说。</div><div><br></div><div> 部分价值正在消除不确定性。</div><div><br></div><div> Tezos项目的联合创始人Kathleen Breitman在一次谈话中阐述了这种模糊概念。</div><div><br></div><div> 当被问及证券监管是否适用于她的项目的代币时，她回答道：“我不知道。我不是故意装的，我不是一名律师。我会建议代币持有者遵守相关法律。”</div><div><br></div><div> 但是Gensler表示，在这个炙手可热的市场中，法律监管的清晰度正慢慢浮现。</div><div><br></div><div> “如果你现在就在2018年4月发行债券，那么根据美国证券法，最好是把它纳入公共政策框架，即便这样做有点冷漠。”麻省理工学院斯隆管理学院的高级讲师Gensler说道。</div><div><br></div><div> 也许一些降温会是有利于该行业健康的。麻省理工学院的Narula表示，她对许多加密货币项目缺乏尽职调查感到非常担忧。代码作为一种开放的资源，并不意味着有知识的人对它进行了评估。</div><div><br></div><div> “很多投资者都不知道，他们是通过信号传递的，”Narula说。 “很多项目都有一些根本性的缺陷，只有在项目启动后才会暴露出来。”</div><div><br></div><div> 如果没有其他原因，麻省理工学院大厅里激动人心的谈话表明，监管的进入还没有影响到区块链技术的活力。</div><div><br></div><div> 前摩根大通区块链专家Amber Baldet,表示，令她对这一领域持乐观态度的原因既不是飙升的代币价格，也不是即将到来的透明的监管，是在2017年的繁荣之后，这个领域的爆炸性增长。</div><div><br></div><div> “为了建立一个有价值的互联网，人们将不得不互相交流，”Baldet说到，他需要建立一个生态系统，这个生态系统包括企业的每个人，从前雇主到认可的投资者，再到散户投资者。</div><div><br></div><div> 她总结道：“你会遇到成千上万的人以独特的方式应对这些挑战。”</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><p microsoft="" yahei",="" simsun;="" background-color:="" rgb(255,="" 255,="" 255);="" text-align:="" center;"="" center;="" 255);"="" style="word-wrap: 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name="comment_anchor_16935"></a> <dl id="comment_16935_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(16935, '6543');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-82530.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">hongshengyun555</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2018-4-25 19:27</span> </dt> <dd>还是学生呢，我很感兴趣。</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_16927"></a> <dl id="comment_16927_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(16927, '6543');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-27145.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">micra</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2018-4-25 15:56</span> </dt> <dd>LED开发商路过。</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_16924"></a> <dl id="comment_16924_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(16924, '6543');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-74389.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">windkite85</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2018-4-25 14:26</span> </dt> <dd>网站不错，真心话。</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_16914"></a> <dl id="comment_16914_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(16914, '6543');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-72378.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">刘汉武</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2018-4-25 10:56</span> </dt> <dd>纯粹路过，没任何兴趣，仅仅是看在老用户份上回复一下</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_16913"></a> <dl id="comment_16913_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(16913, '6543');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-63127.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">smartzousky</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2018-4-25 10:26</span> </dt> <dd>知识就是力量。</dd> </dl></div> </div> <!--[diy=diycontentcomment]--><div id="diycontentcomment" 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