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type="text/css"></style> <div id="ct" class="ct2 wp cl"> <div class="mn"> <div class="bm_haa cl"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=58" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a><h1 class="xs2">文章</h1> </div></div> <div class="kjkjb"> <div class="bm vw" style="margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="h hm"> <div class="zxtoux"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=54876&size=small" /></div> <h1 class="ph">怎么进行芯片反向制造？这种技术靠谱吗 </h1> <p class="xg1"> 时间：2017-6-2 15:50<a class="zz" href="home.php?mod=space&uid=54876">作者：update</a> 阅读<em id="_viewnum">(3429)</em> 评论: <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=comment&id=5744&idtype=aid" title="查看全部评论"><em id="_commentnum">6</em></a></p> <div class="zxfb" ><a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=58" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a></div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarytop]--><div id="diysummarytop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="s"> <div class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>芯片反向工程详解，是怎么实现的？这种技术你觉得靠谱吗？</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><div> 怎么进行芯片反向制造？<span style="line-height: 1.8em;">有制造就对应着拆解，这是芯片设计领域最暴力最直接的获取知识的方法。芯片可能遭受攻击的形式包括利用红外线、化学延迟和扫描聚焦离子束等方式，其目的在于除去芯片上的<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">材料</a>，并进一步存取IC。接着还可能利用这种IC存取方式取得设计信息，以及潜在的数据。</span></div><div><span style="line-height: 1.8em;"><br></span></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201706/02/154822zqi7fktvf58x58rz.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201706/02/154822zqi7fktvf58x58rz.jpg"></a></p></div><div><br></div><div> 实际上，在芯片行业，拆解有个专业的名词，叫做反向工程。这其实已经是行业公开的秘密，有不少公司就在公开进行这项业务。在国内，相关的国防<a href="http://electronic.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">电子</a>工业研究院，各类微电子研究所，其重要的IC设计手段即为逆向工程，有专门的团队和先进设备，负责拆解、<a href="http://display.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">照相</a>、提取、分析、仿真、验证一整套流程，如航天军工FPGA和模拟IC类<a href="http://b.oecr.com/sell" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">产品</a>。对于一些复杂度较高的消费和工业级器件，有部分IC设计公司也提供专业的逆向工程服务。在深圳，各类电子元件的仿制品多如牛毛，从反向、制造、封装已经形成一个完整产业链。 20170531-FX-2 那么，集成<a href="http://electronic.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">电路</a>的反向工程是怎样的一个流程？其各道工序又如何进行？这些微型芯片的逆向工程（reverse engineering）是怎么操作和实现的？</div><div><br></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201706/02/155007ozdzcqeiodewohyx.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201706/02/155007ozdzcqeiodewohyx.jpg"></a></p></div><div><br></div><div> 拆解：把要拆解的芯片放置在装了浓硫酸的容器里，容器需要盖住，但不能严实，这样里面的气体才能漫溢出来。把容器里的浓硫酸加热到沸腾（大约 300 摄氏度），在瓶底的周围铺上苏打粉——用来预防意外飞溅出来的硫酸液和冒出来的硫酸气体。</div><div><br></div><div> 照相：在显微图像自动采集平台上逐层对芯片样品进行显微图像采集。与<a href="http://opticaltest.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">测量</a>三维实体或曲面的逆向设计不同，测量集成电路芯片纯属表面文章：放好芯片位置、对对焦、选好放大倍数，使芯片表面在镜头中和<a href="http://display.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">显示</a>器上清晰可见后，按下拍照按钮便可完成一幅显微图像的采集。取决于电路的规模和放大倍数，一层电路可能需要在拍摄多幅图像后进行拼凑，多层电路需要在拼凑后对准，有显微图像自动拼凑<a href="http://opticaldesign.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">软件</a>用于进行拼凑和对准操作。 20170531-FX-3该显微图像自动采集平台的放大倍数为1000倍，可将0.1um线条的放大至0.1mm的宽度。这意味着它已足以对付目前采用最先进<a href="http://optics.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">工艺</a>制作的0.09um集成电路芯片。</div><div><br></div><div> 提图：集成电路由多层组成,每层用光刻工艺由光掩膜加以确定。制造集成电路时用的掩膜上的几何图形就是版图，版图是集成电路对应的<a href="http://theory.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">物理</a>层。</div><div><br></div><div> 现在提图工作已经可以由电脑全部完成了。主流的电路原理图分析系统已经具有多层显微图像浏览、电路单元符号设计、电路原理图自动和交互式分析提取以及电路原理图编辑等强大功能，版图分析系统则可完成多层版图轮廓自动提取、全功能版图编辑、嵌入软件代码自动识别、提取、校验以及设计规则的统计和提取。</div><div><br></div><div> 整理：数字电路需要归并同类图形，例如与非门、或非门、触发器等，同样的图形不要分析多次。提出的电路用电路绘制软件绘出（ViewWork、Laker、Cadence等），按照易于理解的电路布置，使其他人员也能看出你提取电路的功能，提取电路的速度完全由提图人员经验水平确定。注意，软件是按照版图的位置把各组件连接起来，如果不整理电路是看不出各模块的连接及功能的，所以完全靠软件是不能完成电路功能块划分和分析。</div><div><br></div><div> 分析：提取出的电路整理成电路图，并输入几何参数（MOS为宽长比）。通过你的分析，电路功能明确，电路连接无误。</div><div><br></div><div> 仿真：对电路进行功能仿真验证。模拟电路一般采用Hspice、Cadence等工具，小规模数字电路采用Cadence,Hsim等工具。根据新的工艺调整电路，调整后进行验证。</div><div><br></div><div> 验证：对输入的电路原理图进行浏览、查询、编辑、调试与仿真。分析电路原理，调节电路参数，并在一定的激励输入下观测输出波形，以验证设计的逻辑正确性。要对提取的网表作仿真验证，并与前仿结果对比，版图导出GDS文件，Tape out（将设计数据转交给制造方）。</div><div><br></div><div> 日前，广东省检察院通报了一起“反向”研发芯片牟取暴利的案例，相关责任人因侵犯知识产权获刑三年，该案入选最高人民检察院近日发布的2016年度“检察机关打击侵犯知识产权犯罪十大典型案例”。关于这种技术存在很大的争议，有人认为逆向设计未必就侵权。“反向设计”的提法似乎让人很容易与侵犯别人知识产权产生联系，实际上逆向设计与正向设计一样，只是IC设计的一种技术手段，通过逆向设计获取别人先进的设计思想用于自己的芯片设计中，并不能说侵犯知识产权。但是也有人认为可以借鉴，全版图copy就过分了。各位朋友们觉得靠谱吗？可以发表一下自己的想法。</div><div><br></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201706/02/154354psxfzgfnoio2ykfg.jpg" target="_blank"><img 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'5744');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-144750.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">kelvin874874</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2017-6-5 13:42</span> </dt> <dd>感觉还不错。感觉还不错。感觉还不错。</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_12916"></a> <dl id="comment_12916_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(12916, '5744');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-28690.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">jfj820712</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2017-6-2 19:06</span> </dt> <dd>感觉还不错。</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_12915"></a> <dl id="comment_12915_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(12915, '5744');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-88041.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">krssrc</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2017-6-2 18:36</span> </dt> <dd>为了灌水大师称号！</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_12914"></a> <dl id="comment_12914_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(12914, '5744');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-11898.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">dxx1173</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2017-6-2 18:06</span> </dt> <dd>光电技术选择没错。</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_12913"></a> <dl id="comment_12913_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(12913, '5744');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-40878.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">fanxq</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2017-6-2 17:36</span> </dt> <dd>垃圾内容，路过为证。</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_12911"></a> <dl id="comment_12911_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(12911, '5744');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-77112.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">yymaduhao</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2017-6-2 16:36</span> </dt> <dd>学习下新知识。</dd> </dl></div> </div> <!--[diy=diycontentcomment]--><div id="diycontentcomment" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> </div> <div class="sd pph"> <div class="drag"> <!--[diy=diyrighttop]--><div id="diyrighttop" class="area"><div id="framepeEZDd" class="sy_ltdr frame move-span cl frame-1"><div class="frame-title title"><span class="titletext">社区成员推荐</span></div><div id="framepeEZDd_left" class="column frame-1-c"><div id="framepeEZDd_left_temp" class="move-span temp"></div><div id="portal_block_910" class="cl_block_bm block move-span"><div id="portal_block_910_content" class="dxb_bc"><div class="module cl ml mls"> <ul><li> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-7522.html" c="1" target="_blank"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=7522&size=small" width="71" height="71" alt="sunny2002" /></a> <p><a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-7522.html" title="sunny2002" 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