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type="text/css"></style> <div id="ct" class="ct2 wp cl"> <div class="mn"> <div class="bm_haa cl"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=58" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a><h1 class="xs2">文章</h1> </div></div> <div class="kjkjb"> <div class="bm vw" style="margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="h hm"> <div class="zxtoux"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=54876&size=small" /></div> <h1 class="ph">利用光来重构宏观结构的变形材料 </h1> <p class="xg1"> 时间：2017-5-23 12:06<a class="zz" href="home.php?mod=space&uid=54876">作者：update</a> 阅读<em id="_viewnum">(854)</em> 评论: <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=comment&id=5715&idtype=aid" title="查看全部评论"><em id="_commentnum">5</em></a></p> <div class="zxfb" ><a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=58" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a></div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarytop]--><div id="diysummarytop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="s"> <div class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>研究人员发明了可以通过紫外光进行分解从而重新连接成新的宏观形状的自组装分子。</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><div> 冲绳科学技术大学院大学的研究人员发明了可以通过紫外光进行分解从而重新连接成新的宏观形状的自组装分子。</div><div><br></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201705/23/120621z855eok0fk6p28f7.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201705/23/120621z855eok0fk6p28f7.jpg"></a></p></div><div><br></div><div> 当涉及到生产非常多样化和非常复杂的微观化学分子的时候，传统化学是非常强大的。但有一件事是它们做不到的，那就是合成大到宏观尺度的需要大量化学品以及一种精细而复杂的技术的大型结构。科学家转而依靠“自组装”分子来完成这个目的，自组装分子是可以与自己的其他复制品自发地聚集成球状，管状或其他所需形状的化合物。通过使用这种方法，冲绳科学技术大学院大学（OIST）的研究人员在《化学通讯》杂志上报道了一种新的自组装分子，可以简单地用紫外光来迫使其不同地重新布置成“亚稳态”，从而转化成新型的，以前未观察到过的奇特的形状。</div><div><br></div><div> 在设计自组装结构时，科学家通常瞄准的是能量最低的状态或“基态”，在这种状态中，结构处于最高的稳定性。不稳定的形状通常被认为是不正确和不可取的。然而，这种非常稳定的“基态”使得该结构在我们想要改变其形状的时候很难被分解。在这项研究中，OIST的科学家们在他们的基态自组装结构中插入了一个弱点，从而得到只需要一个很小的推动就会坍塌的结构。在这项研究中，上述很小的推动是用紫外线剪断分子中两个原子之间的一个特定键，从而将结构分裂成较小的碎片。然后这些碎片可以共同组装成不那么稳定但具有新奇奇特的形状的亚稳态。</div><div><br></div><div> “这份报告是关于<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">材料</a>科学的一个新概念，”本文的作者，来自仿生软材料单元的Zhang教授解释说，“我们将自组装现象转换成了通过使用光在空间上和时间上具有可控性的共组装现象。最后，我们构建了用传统合成路径无法实现的奇特的异构<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">纳米</a>结构。</div><div><br></div><div> 这个新的概念导致了一个迷人的发现：因为剩下的碎片由于在最初结构的坍塌之后紧密地堆积在了一起，它们可以形成新奇和奇特的结构，而这些结构你通过简单地混合自由运动的相同的分子是无法达到。想象一下，这些纳米结构是由乐高积木制成：最开始你手头有的是2X5的模块——2柱宽5柱长，然后自组装成纳米纤维。紫外线会将这些2X5的模块分裂成两个较小的块，例如一个2x2和一个2x3的模块，破坏了整个纤维状结构。但是，由于这些较小的块仍然像原来一样在空间上保持彼此接近，它们可以很容易地重组成肉眼可见的新形状。相反，如果在另外一个单独的实验中，你只是在桶内以一种随机的方式混合2x3和2x2的乐高积木，块与块之间的距离各不相同，它们在空间上缺乏的组织性使得它们很难组装成这种新型的纳米结构。</div><div><br></div><div> 根据Zhang教授的观点，创造新结构的能力非常重要：“在材料科学中，功能总是与结构相关。如果你创造了一种不同的结构，你就可以控制功能，甚至创建新的应用。”“例如，纳米纤维形状中的分子的毒性可能会比由相同分子组装成的球形形状中的分子要低得多或高得多。”</div><div><br></div><div> 在OIST进行的这一项研究强烈认为，自组装分子所采用的初始条件是影响最终形状最关键的参数。“如果你通过初始状态的参数可以知道这些分子是如何堆积的话，它就会给你更多的线索来瞄准一个特定的宏观形状，”Zhang教授评论说。</div><div><br></div><div> 这种变形能力具有极大的生物应用潜力。Zhang教授说：“例如，你将分子引入某个生物活体，并且其具有某种结构。然后使用光，你打破了化学键，然后分子将切换到另一个具有你想要的功能的结构。”</div><div><br></div><div> 在药物设计中，这样的概念将允许药物以非活性的方式到达生物体中的目的地——一个器官或一个肿瘤，从而限制潜在的副作用。一旦在这个目的地被分解开，药物就会重塑成不同的具有治疗活性的结构。</div><div><br></div><div> Zhang教授总结道：“现在，像我们一样使用紫外线是不理想的，因为它对活细胞是有毒的。我们的下一步是走向对生命系统具有更好的适应性的更具生物相容性的自组装结构。”</div><div><br></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201705/23/120633ieevlhzi0oulrhaw.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201705/23/120633ieevlhzi0oulrhaw.jpg"></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 25.2px;">欢迎关注光电<a href="http://news.oecr.com" target="_blank" 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