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type="text/css"></style> <div id="ct" class="ct2 wp cl"> <div class="mn"> <div class="bm_haa cl"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=58" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a><h1 class="xs2">文章</h1> </div></div> <div class="kjkjb"> <div class="bm vw" style="margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="h hm"> <div class="zxtoux"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=54876&size=small" /></div> <h1 class="ph">点赞中国！首艘国产航母正式亮相了 </h1> <p class="xg1"> 时间：2017-4-27 10:09<a class="zz" href="home.php?mod=space&uid=54876">作者：update</a> 阅读<em id="_viewnum">(1547)</em> 评论: <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=comment&id=5647&idtype=aid" title="查看全部评论"><em id="_commentnum">5</em></a></p> <div class="zxfb" ><a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=58" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a></div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarytop]--><div id="diysummarytop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="s"> <div class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>我国第二艘航空母舰下水仪式26日上午在中国船舶重工集团公司大连造船厂举行。</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><div> 我国第二艘航空母舰下水仪式26日上午在中国船舶重工集团公司大连造船厂举行。中共中央政治局委员、中央军委副主席范长龙出席仪式并致辞。</div><div><br></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201704/27/100831tvfmn5kt6zfzzkxt.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201704/27/100831tvfmn5kt6zfzzkxt.jpg"></a></p></div><div><br></div><div> 第二艘航空母舰由我国自行研制，2013年11月开工，2015年3月开始坞内建造。目前，航空母舰主船体完成建造，动力、电力等主要系统设备安装到位。出坞下水是航空母舰建设的重大节点之一，标志着我国自主设计建造航空母舰取得重大阶段性成果。下一步，该航空母舰将按计划进行系统设备调试和舾装施工，并全面开展系泊试验。</div><div><br></div><div> 据介绍，下水仪式是舰艇建造过程中的重要环节，根据舰艇情况和船厂设施，通常分为多种模式。例如最常见的是从船台上纵向沿滑轨入水，驱逐舰、护卫舰等主要军舰都是采用这种方式。尽管数千上万吨的钢铁船体滑入水中时场面颇为壮观，但这种下水方式会对船体造成剧烈冲击，甚至可能对装舰设备构成损伤。而受部分船厂条件的限制，一些中小型舰艇还采用更特殊的侧滑下水方式，例如美国马里内特造船厂建造的“自由”级濒海战斗舰就采用这种激进的下水模式，水花四溅，极为壮观。</div><div><br></div><div> 不过对于航母这样数万吨级的庞然大物来说，通常会采用更稳妥的船坞漂浮式下水，即先向封闭的船坞中注水，待航母稳定地浮在水面后，再打开船坞闸门，把航母从船坞拖到指定位置。美国新一代核动力航母首舰“福特”号同样是采用这种下水方式，虽然准备时间较长，会额外占用宝贵的船坞，不过对于航母此等国之重器来说，“这都不是事儿”。</div><div><br></div><div> 据称，辽宁舰也曾停泊在同样的位置进行最后的舾装。根据辽宁舰的经验，未来这艘航母还将在这里停泊一两年，完成舰载武器、<a href="http://electronic.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">电子</a>设备等子系统的安装调试。因此也有人形容说，航母下水只是建造好了“毛坯房”，而舾装才是“精装修”。</div><div><br></div><div> 国产航母的外形与辽宁舰相差不大，同样采用滑跃起飞方式和设有高大的舰岛，但若仔细分辨，仍能看出新航母的舰岛已有变化。最明显的标志是它采用了不同的相控阵雷达罩，雷达天线的安装位置与宙斯盾战舰类似，能更好的360度全方位无死角地监视周边空情。此前加拿大《汉和防务评论》猜测，新航母可能采用了与052D型中华神盾驱逐舰相同的相控阵雷达，后者的探测距离远达400公里，相比辽宁舰已有明显提升。此外新航母舰岛的整体布局也简洁了许多，不再像俄式舰艇那样在上层甲板拥挤着各式雷达天线，<a href="http://display.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">显示</a>出中国海军在电子设备整合能力上的飞跃。</div><div><br></div><div> 有媒体称，新航母的滑跃甲板上翘角度从辽宁舰的14度改为12度。尽管肉眼很难分辨这样的变化，但相关说法并非没有道理。据介绍，采用滑跃起飞模式的航母，飞行甲板的上翘角度到底设为多少，往往需要根据主力舰载机的性能以及使用经验进行调整。例如最早采用滑跃起飞方式的英国无敌级航母的前两艘，飞行甲板的上翘角度最早都是7度，直到三号舰皇家方舟号才吸取使用经验，改成12度。如今英国采用F-35B垂直起降战斗机的新一代伊丽莎白女王级航母的上翘角度为13度。而印度超日王号航母使用米格-29K战斗机，飞行甲板上翘角度为14度。因此中国海军根据辽宁舰的实际使用经验，微调飞行甲板的上翘角度并不为奇。</div><div><br></div><div> 从卫星照片上可以看出，国产航母的舰岛长度明显缩小，从而为舰首前部停机区腾出更多空间。对于这类采用滑跃起飞模式的航母而言，由于前部的上翘甲板无法停放飞机，限制了航母的停机区面积，不但导致飞行甲板上能停放的战机数量偏少，同时舰岛前部过于狭窄的甲板空间还容易导致调度不便，直接影响舰载机出动效率。</div><div><br></div><div> 俄罗斯专家也承认，当年苏联在建造辽宁舰的前身“瓦良格”号时，对于航母的运做机制缺乏经验，因此飞行甲板的设计不够完善。它的姐妹舰“库兹涅佐夫”号由于舰载机数量长期不足，这个问题在俄海军中暴露得尚不明显，但在中国海军近年来的高强度训练中，飞行甲板的利用问题就显得越发突出。</div><div><br></div><div> 除了这些能直接看到的地方，国产新航母的更多改进是在看不见的内部。李杰介绍说，根据过去几年对辽宁舰的使用经验，中国海军对航母内部舱室的结构布局有了更深入的了解，并针对性地在国产航母上进行了改造。例如苏联建造“瓦良格”号时，在舰首飞行甲板的下方安置了12枚体积庞大的SS-N-19重型反舰导弹，挤占了大量内部空间。而根据中国海军需求建造的国产航母无须配备此类武器，这些空间可以容纳更多其他装备或改善舰员的生活环境。西方媒体猜测，通过类似的优化设计，在排水量基本不变的情况下，国产航母可以搭载36架歼-15战斗机，比辽宁舰多出一半。此外，国产新航母的部分内部舱室和弹药运送通道等可能也经过了重新设计，并增加了航空燃油等作战物资的储备，以提升航母的持续作战能力。</div><div><br></div><div> 这艘国产航母对中国的更大意义，在于中国得以掌握了设计和建造大中型航母的全套经验和技术。</div><div><br></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201704/27/100849l6zkmm5sz66dffab.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201704/27/100849l6zkmm5sz66dffab.jpg"></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 25.2px;">欢迎关注光电<a href="http://news.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">资讯</a>微信公众号，每天将由光电工程师<a href="http://club.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">社区</a>网站(oecr.com)编辑团队为您精选行业动态，科技资讯，技术解析，光电<a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=list&catid=62" 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onclick="portal_comment_requote(12414, '5647');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-16024.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">darkspace4321</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2017-4-27 11:02</span> </dt> <dd>这里的内容哪里找的？都还不错啊。</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_12413"></a> <dl id="comment_12413_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(12413, '5647');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-63968.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">opto123456</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2017-4-27 10:32</span> </dt> <dd>想要的资料。</dd> </dl></div> </div> <!--[diy=diycontentcomment]--><div id="diycontentcomment" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> </div> <div class="sd pph"> <div class="drag"> <!--[diy=diyrighttop]--><div id="diyrighttop" class="area"><div id="framepeEZDd" class="sy_ltdr frame move-span cl frame-1"><div class="frame-title title"><span class="titletext">社区成员推荐</span></div><div id="framepeEZDd_left" 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