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type="text/css"></style> <div id="ct" class="ct2 wp cl"> <div class="mn"> <div class="bm_haa cl"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=58" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a><h1 class="xs2">文章</h1> </div></div> <div class="kjkjb"> <div class="bm vw" style="margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="h hm"> <div class="zxtoux"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=54876&size=small" /></div> <h1 class="ph">将发挥很好作用！新量子液晶在未来计算机中的应用 </h1> <p class="xg1"> 时间：2017-4-26 09:41<a class="zz" href="home.php?mod=space&uid=54876">作者：update</a> 阅读<em id="_viewnum">(1010)</em> 评论: <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=comment&id=5642&idtype=aid" title="查看全部评论"><em id="_commentnum">5</em></a></p> <div class="zxfb" ><a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=58" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a></div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarytop]--><div id="diysummarytop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="s"> <div class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>科学家报告说，第一个三维量子液晶可能会应用在量子计算中。液晶介于液体和固体之间：组成它们的分子可以像液体一样自由地四处流动，但是像固体里的分子一样具有相同的取向。</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><div> 加州理工学院量子信息与物质研究所的<a href="http://theory.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">物理</a>学家们发现了第一个三维量子液晶——一种可能在未来的超快量子计算机中得到应用的新物质状态。</div><div><br></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201704/26/094059fm2cr5jizcxnqkhx.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201704/26/094059fm2cr5jizcxnqkhx.jpg"></a></p></div><div><br></div><div> “我们发现了一种全新的物质状态的存在，它可以被看作是液晶的一种量子模拟，”加州理工学院助理物理学教授David Hsieh说，他是一篇描述这项发现的文章的主要研究者，该文章发表在了4月21日的《科学》杂志上。“从原理上来说，存在着许多类的量子液晶，因此，我们的发现很可能是冰山的一角。”</div><div><br></div><div> <font color="#f00000"><b>液晶介于液体和固体之间：组成它们的分子可以像液体一样自由地四处流动，但是像固体里的分子一样具有相同的取向。</b></font>液晶可以在自然界中找到，例如在生物细胞膜中。或者，它们也可以通过人工制造——例如在那些广泛应用在手表、智能手机、电视和其他带<a href="http://display.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">显示</a>屏的物品上的液晶显示器中所能找到的。</div><div><br></div><div> 在“量子”液晶中，<a href="http://electronic.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">电子</a>的行为类似于经典液晶中的分子。也就是说，电子可以自由移动，但有一个优选的流动方向。第一个量子液晶在1999年由加州理工学院Frank J. Roshek物理和应用物理荣誉教授Jim Eisenstein发现。Eisenstein的量子液晶是二维的，这意味着它被限制在宿主<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">材料</a>——一种人工生长的砷化镓基金属的一个平面上。这样的二维量子液晶在包括高温超导体在内的一些材料中也被发现了，高温超导体是指在零下150摄氏度左右能够以零电阻传导电流的材料，其比传统超导体的工作温度要更高。</div><div><br></div><div> Hsieh实验室的博士后学者同时夜市该文章的首席作者John Harter解释说，二维量子液晶具有奇怪的行为方式。“处于这个平面内电子集体决定优先沿着X轴而不是Y轴流动，尽管这两个方向没有任何区别，”他说。</div><div><br></div><div> 现在Harter，Hsieh和他们在橡树岭国家实验室和田纳西大学的同事发现了第一个三维量子液晶。与二维量子液晶相比，三维液晶的行为更加奇特。在这里，电子不仅在X，Y，Z轴上具有不同的表现，而且它们还具有取决于它们在一个给定的轴上是正向还是反向流动而不同的磁特性。</div><div><br></div><div> “使一股电流通过这些材料，可以使其由非磁体变成磁体，这是非常不寻常的，”Hsieh说。“而且，在每一个可能注入电流的方向上，磁场强度和磁场方向都会发生变化。物理学家说‘电子’打破了晶格的对称性。”</div><div><br></div><div> 实际上Harter是无意中发现这个现象的。他最初的兴趣是研究一种基于铼元素的金属化合物的原子结构。具体来说，他试图用所谓的光学二次谐波旋转各向异性技术来表征该<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">晶体</a>原子晶格的结构。在这些实验中，<a href="http://laser.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">激光</a>被打在一个材料上，频率为入射光的两倍的二次谐波被反射出来。发射光的模式包含了有关晶体对称性的信息。从铼基金属上<a href="http://opticaltest.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">测量</a>得到的模式非常奇怪——而且不能由化合物已知的原子结构来解释。</div><div><br></div><div> “最开始，我们不知道这究竟是怎么回事，”Harter说。然后这些研究人员了解到由麻省理工学院的物理学教授Liang Fu提出的三维量子液晶这个概念。“它完美地解释了这些模式。一切都突然变得合理起来”Harter说。</div><div><br></div><div> 这些研究人员说三维量子液晶体可能在自旋电子学领域中发挥作用，在自旋电子学中电子的自旋方向有可能会被利用起来制造更高效的计算机芯片。这项发现还可能有助于解决制造量子计算机过程中的一些挑战，量子计算机谋求利用粒子的量子本质的长处来实现例如在解密密码中所需要用到的更快的计算。制造这样一个计算机的困难之一是量子特性非常的脆弱，很容易通过与其周围环境的相互作用而被破坏掉。由加州理工学院Ronald and Maxine Lindea<a href="http://theory.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">理论</a>物理与数学荣誉教授Alexei Kitaev开发的一项被称为拓扑量子计算的技术在一种被称为拓扑超导体的特殊类型超导体的帮助下可以解决这个问题。</div><div><br></div><div> Hsieh说：“与二维量子液晶被认为是高温超导体的前兆一样，三维量子液晶体可能是我们一直在寻找的拓扑超导体的前兆。”</div><div><br></div><div> Harter说：“相比于依赖无心插柳来寻找拓扑超导体，我们现在可能有了一条利用三维量子液晶来更加合理地制造它们的道路。这是我们计划的下一步。”</div><div><br></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201704/26/094113x8et3v5evsuqsq3s.jpg" target="_blank"><img 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class="xg1 xw0">2017-4-26 21:50</span> </dt> <dd>这个很有用处。</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_12392"></a> <dl id="comment_12392_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(12392, '5642');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-85029.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">mannerfh</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2017-4-26 17:20</span> </dt> <dd>产业发展真的太快了！！</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_12389"></a> <dl id="comment_12389_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(12389, '5642');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-117632.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">luwenxi</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2017-4-26 15:50</span> </dt> <dd>企业动态更新挺及时。</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_12383"></a> <dl id="comment_12383_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" 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