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type="text/css"></style> <div id="ct" class="ct2 wp cl"> <div class="mn"> <div class="bm_haa cl"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=58" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a><h1 class="xs2">文章</h1> </div></div> <div class="kjkjb"> <div class="bm vw" style="margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="h hm"> <div class="zxtoux"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=54876&size=small" /></div> <h1 class="ph">使压缩感知图像采集效率提高50倍的新技术 </h1> <p class="xg1"> 时间：2017-3-31 14:18<a class="zz" href="home.php?mod=space&uid=54876">作者：update</a> 阅读<em id="_viewnum">(642)</em> 评论: <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=comment&id=5559&idtype=aid" title="查看全部评论"><em id="_commentnum">5</em></a></p> <div class="zxfb" ><a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=58" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a></div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarytop]--><div id="diysummarytop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="s"> <div class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>麻省理工学院媒体实验室的研究人员在《IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging》上发表了他们的研究结果，描述了一种新的技术，它使压缩感知的图像采集效率提高50倍。</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><div> 压缩感知是一个令人兴奋的新的计算技术领域，用于在一个单一信号中提取大量的信息。</div><div><br></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201703/31/141734kcyksgk51ssgjc80.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201703/31/141734kcyksgk51ssgjc80.jpg"></a></p></div><div><br></div><div> 例如，<font color="#f00000"><b>莱斯大学的研究人员在一次引人注目的演示中建立了一个摄像头，可以只使用一个光<a href="http://sensor.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">传感</a>器而不是一个商品相机中的数以百万计的光传感器来生成二维图像。</b></font></div><div><br></div><div> 但是，使用压缩感知的图像采集是低效的：“单像素相机”需要成千上万次的曝光，以产生一个相当清晰的图像。</div><div><br></div><div> 如今，麻省理工学院媒体实验室的研究人员在《计算成像学报（IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging）》上发表了他们的研究结果，描述了一种新的技术，它使压缩感知的图像采集效率提高50倍。</div><div><br></div><div> 在单像素相机的情况下，它可以使曝光的数量从几千个减少到几十个。</div><div><br></div><div> <b><font color="#f00000">压缩传感成像系统的一个有趣的方面是，不像传统相机，他们不需要镜头。这可能使它们在恶劣环境下或在可见光谱以外的波长的应用中有用。摆脱镜头的成像系统的设计，开辟了新的应用前景。</font></b></div><div><br></div><div> “以前，影像所需要的镜头，镜头将图像像素传输到在空间在一个阵列传感器上，一切必须是精确的结构化的设计，”Guy Satat说，他谁媒体实验室的一名研究生并且是该论文的第一作者。“通过计算成像，我们开始问：是否成像镜头必须的？传感器必须是一个结构化数组吗？传感器应该有多少个像素？单个像素足够吗？这些问题实质上打破了<a href="http://display.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">照相</a>机是什么的基本概念。事实上，只需要一个单一的像素和镜头不再必须是经过精确地工业化设计限制，并且发展一种新的成像系统。使用超快传感使<a href="http://opticaltest.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">测量</a>显着更有效。”</div><div><br></div><div><font color="#f00000"><b> 递归应用</b></font></div><div><br></div><div> Satat的导师也是该论文的共同作者，媒体艺术与科学学院的副教授Ramesh Raskar。像Raskar科研小组的许多项目那样，新的压缩传感技术取决于成像中渡越时间，在这短暂的光投射到一个场景，并对超快的传感器测量需要多久曝光进行了反思。</div><div><br></div><div> 该技术采用渡越时间成像，但有点循环，其潜在的应用之一是提高渡越时间相机的性能。它也对Raskar研究小组的一些其他项目产生影响，如照相机，可以看到周围的角落和可见光成像系统，用于<a href="http://medicine.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">医疗</a>诊断和车载导航。</div><div><br></div><div> 媒体实验室的许多原型系统例如Raskar的摄影文化小组用的称为条纹相机渡越时间相机，这是昂贵的且难以使用：他们捕捉在一个时间内只有一行图像像素。但过去几年内看到了称为SPADs的渡越时间相机的商业前景，其中仅有单光子雪崩二极管。</div><div><br></div><div> 虽然几乎没有条纹相机的较快的速度，SPADs还需很多时间进行应用程序的改进，但它们可以捕获在一个单一的曝光的全二维图像。此外，他们的传感器是建立在计算机芯片行业常用的制造技术，所以他们应该符合成本效益的大规模生产条件。</div><div><br></div><div> SPADs相机中，<a href="http://electronic.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">电子</a>所需的驱动每个像素占用空间比较大，最终在传感器芯片上像素相隔很远。在传统的相机中，这限制了分辨率。但利用压缩感知技术，它实际上增加了分辨率。</div><div><br></div><div><font color="#f00000"><b> 需要一定距离</b></font></div><div><br></div><div> 单像素相机可以用一个光传感器做的原因是，光击中它是图案化的。实现光图案化的一种方法是加一个过滤器，像一个随机黑白相间的棋盘，放置在闪光灯照亮图案之前。另一种方法是从微小的微镜阵列反射回的光，其中一些是针对光传感器，其中一些不是。</div><div><br></div><div> 传感器只对入射光的累积强度进行单一测量。但是，如果它重复测量足够的时间，如果光有不同的模式，每次，<a href="http://opticaldesign.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">软件</a>可以推断每个单个目标点反射回来的强度。</div><div><br></div><div> 单像素相机是一个媒体友好的示范，但事实上，压缩传感器在像素更多的情况下工作的更好。像素越远，他们测量的冗余就越少，如果你走两步走到你的右边，而不是一步，你就会看到更多的视觉场景。当然，传感器执行的测量越多，重建图像的分辨率越高。</div><div><br></div><div> <font color="#f00000"><b> 规模经济效益</b></font></div><div><br></div><div> 渡越成像时间基本上变成一个光的测量模式测量的几十秒分之一。此外，每一个测量对应于最终图像的一个像素子集，与那些最终的图像目标之间的距离是等值的。这意味着在每个测量中解码的信息较少。</div><div><br></div><div> 在他们的论文中，Raskar和麻省理工学院电气工程和计算机科学的一个毕业的学生Matthew Tancik，提供一个压缩感知的<a href="http://theory.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">理论</a>分析，采用渡越时间信息。他们的分析表明，该技术可以有效地提取信息的视觉场景，在不同的分辨率和不同数量的传感器和它们之间的距离的情况下。</div><div><br></div><div> 他们还描述了一个计算光线模式的程序，使曝光次数最小化。并且，使用合成数据，他们的重建算法与现有的压缩感知算法的性能进行了对比。但在正在进行的工作中，他们正在开发一个原型系统，使他们可以<a href="http://opticaltest.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">测试</a>他们的算法在真实数据中的情况。</div><div><br></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201703/31/141816uneeyouwfyw73wz7.jpg" target="_blank"><img 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