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type="text/css"></style> <div id="ct" class="ct2 wp cl"> <div class="mn"> <div class="bm_haa cl"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=58" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a><h1 class="xs2">文章</h1> </div></div> <div class="kjkjb"> <div class="bm vw" style="margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="h hm"> <div class="zxtoux"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=54876&size=small" /></div> <h1 class="ph">量子计算机首次模拟高能物理实验 </h1> <p class="xg1"> 时间：2016-6-29 14:58<a class="zz" href="home.php?mod=space&uid=54876">作者：update</a> 阅读<em id="_viewnum">(1497)</em> 评论: <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=comment&id=4573&idtype=aid" title="查看全部评论"><em id="_commentnum">5</em></a></p> <div class="zxfb" ><a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=58" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a></div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarytop]--><div id="diysummarytop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="s"> <div class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>物理学家首次利用量子计算机完全模拟了制造成对粒子和反粒子的高能物理实验。他们认为，这标志着量子计算机在解决传统电子计算机无法解决的问题方面迈出了第一步。</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><span style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, 'Times New Roman', SimSun, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> <a href="http://theory.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">物理</a>学家首次利用量子计算机完全模拟了制造成对粒子和反粒子的高能物理实验。他们认为，这标志着量子计算机在解决传统<a href="http://electronic.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">电子</a>计算机无法解决的问题方面迈出了第一步。</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, 'Times New Roman', SimSun, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201606/29/145824sm7dh7pd1hcvd67p.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201606/29/145824sm7dh7pd1hcvd67p.jpg"></a></p><span style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, 'Times New Roman', SimSun, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> 奥地利斯布鲁克大学的一个研究小组在最近一期《自然》杂志上报告说，这个实验模拟的是能量转化为物质时产生一个电子和一个正电子，两者互为反粒子。</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, 'Times New Roman', SimSun, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, 'Times New Roman', SimSun, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, 'Times New Roman', SimSun, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> 研究团队采用了一种已经实验证明可行的4量子位量子计算机方案：利用电磁场将4个离子在真空中排成一排，每个离子作为一个量子位，再用<a href="http://laser.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">激光</a>束操纵这些离子的自旋(即磁场指向)，以此来实现计算机中基本的逻辑运算。</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, 'Times New Roman', SimSun, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, 'Times New Roman', SimSun, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, 'Times New Roman', SimSun, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> 经过大约100个连续步骤，每个步骤持续时间不过几毫秒，研究人员再通过<a href="http://holographic.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">数码</a>相机观察这4个离子的状态。他们发现，每个离子都代表了一个位置，其中两个离子表示粒子，另两个则表示反粒子，而离子的指向则<a href="http://display.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">显示</a>这个位置上是否产生了粒子或反粒子。</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, 'Times New Roman', SimSun, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, 'Times New Roman', SimSun, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, 'Times New Roman', SimSun, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> 通过量子计算，研究人员证实了现有量子电动力学的某些推断。“磁场越强，生成粒子和反粒子的速度也就越快，”参加这一研究的埃斯特万·马丁内斯说。</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, 'Times New Roman', SimSun, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, 'Times New Roman', SimSun, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, 'Times New Roman', SimSun, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> 据马丁内斯介绍，4量子位还只是最初步的量子计算机，将来的量子计算机或许需要数百量子位以及复杂的容错编码，“要使用量子计算机解决传统计算机无法解决的问题，现在还为时过早，但我们已经朝这个方向迈出了第一步”。</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, 'Times New Roman', SimSun, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, 'Times New Roman', SimSun, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, 'Times New Roman', SimSun, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> 传统电子计算机以二进制系统的0或1运算并储存数据，而量子计算机因循量子力学规律，既可以0或1、也可以0和1同时运算并储存数据，实现高效并行计算。</span><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, 'Times New Roman', SimSun, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, 'Times New Roman', SimSun, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><span style="font-family: Arial, Tahoma, 'Times New Roman', SimSun, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 28px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> 量子计算机除可望极大提高运算速度外，还有望突破电子计算机所用大规模集成<a href="http://electronic.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">电路</a>面临的物理极限，同时解决高速运算带来的发热和能耗问题。不过现有量子计算机还无法用于通用目的，需要为特定运算编制程序。另外，量子位不稳定会导致结果不可预测，需要在<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">材料</a>、芯片设计和纠错方面有所突破。</span><div style="text-align: center;"><p><a href="data/attachment/portal/201606/29/144837jlo71v1av1oo1v13.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201606/29/144837jlo71v1av1oo1v13.jpg"></a></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="text-align: center;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体; mso-font-kerning:0pt;mso-bidi-language:AR">欢迎关注光电<a href="http://news.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">资讯</a>微信公众号，每天将由光电工程师<a href="http://club.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">社区</a>网站<span lang="EN-US">(oecr.com)</span>编辑团队为您精选行业动态，科技资讯，技术解析，光电<a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=list&catid=62" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">科普</a>等精彩内容。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p></div></td></tr></table> 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