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class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>围绕工业摄像机构建的图像处理系统，早就是自动化生产中必不可少的组件。在生产的各个环节中，为实现生产高效和高质，在包括原材料检测、生产过程监控（如瑕疵检测）、最后检查和质保等环节中，图像处理系统都是不可 ...</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><div><b><br></b></div><div><b>如何定制个人商品？</b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><p><a href="data/attachment/portal/201604/23/142002ddvcnvbusvj2iadb.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201604/23/142002ddvcnvbusvj2iadb.jpg"></a></p></div><div> 想买一条长裤？可能你正在去商店的路上，或者正在网上根据从S到XL的标准尺码进行挑选。这些大批量的生产造就了单位货物的成本下降。</div><div> 工业 4.0 时代的纺织品生产方式或许会与之不同，它将通过有效的数据处理，提供定制性的个性商品。客户一旦决定选择哪个模型，图像处理系统（机器视觉系统）就会对其各项维度进行<a href="http://opticaltest.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">测量</a>。</div><div> 具体<a href="http://opticaltest.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">测试</a>形式可能是，在一个小更衣室中放置四个摄像头，拍摄身体每一边的图像。<a href="http://opticaldesign.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">软件</a>控制测量操作，并决定随后生产衣物时的剪裁方式。接下来的生产过程会自动进行，直至包括运输环节。</div><div> 未来的时装屋将不再摆满几柜子的商品，而是通过提供大量的虚拟选择和快速可靠的生产流程来为客户服务。</div><div><br></div><div> <b> 工业相机系统怎样让这种未来式的生产流程走入现实？</b></div><div><br></div><div> 围绕工业摄像机构建的图像处理系统，早就是自动化生产中必不可少的组件。在生产的各个环节中，为实现生产高效和高质，在包括原<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">材料</a>检测、生产过程监控（如瑕疵检测）、最后检查和质保等环节中，图像处理系统都是不可或缺的。</div><div><br></div><div> 工业 4.0 这个词，代表着工业生产中新兴的处理模式和组织形式。它的核心要素就是，网络化及更广泛的数据<a href="http://ofc.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">通信</a>。其目标是，基于全面的数据搜集和有效的信息交互，达到自组织的、深度定制化的高效生产。</div><div><br></div><div> 图像处理技术在决定特定信息时，起着决定性作用。需要注意的是，在相机性能提升的同时，其体积越来越小，价格也逐渐降低。如今的相机系统小而高效，与之前大个头的复杂相机相比，功能不相上下，甚至更加出色。科技的进步，再加上网络化的不断扩展，为工业 4.0 时代的应用多样化带来了更大的可能性。</div><div><br></div><div><b> 小数额生产的新机遇</b></div><div><br></div><div> 工业 4.0 时代的一个重要影响在于，由于使用控制自动化技术，不管是大批量生产还是非常小量的生产，很多工件都能被低成本地生产——“批容量为 1”这个说法已屡见不鲜。这方面的例子包括上面提到的纺织品生产；还有就是根据客户指定规格进行金属物件的单独设计生产，如邮箱、栏杆等。</div><div><b><br></b></div><div> 但是，精准的工业摄像机系统怎样为这一切提供服务？</div><div style="text-align: center;"><p><a href="data/attachment/portal/201604/23/142002k335kysx5gy11b13.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201604/23/142002k335kysx5gy11b13.jpg"></a></p></div><div><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin: 0px; list-style-type: none; border: 0px; line-height: 24px; font-family: simsun, Arial;"> 可以想象一下，这种系统可用于为新生产的金属部件进行涂层。基于提前编程好的上色流程，自动喷嘴得以正常工作。传统生产中，提前规划好预设程序是非常困难的。而原则上，根据设计规格，决定预设程序则有可能实现的。然而，计算好最终的喷射模式有着高度复杂性和不确定性。与传统生产方式不同，工业相机可以当场做出精准测量，决定<a href="http://b.oecr.com/sell" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">产品</a>形状、位置，并以此信息指挥喷枪臂。同时，也可以从光学方面对涂层效果进行控制，比如评估着色度，或者检测涂层复杂的反射指数。这些控制数据可实时地进入到控制单元中。这样的自动化图层系统同样也可成为自我学习系统。基于之前处理的经验，新的组件如果与之相似，则可更高效地处理。</p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin: 0px; list-style-type: none; border: 0px; line-height: 24px; font-family: simsun, Arial;"> <strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">相机是不知疲倦的流程审核员</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin: 0px; list-style-type: none; border: 0px; line-height: 24px; font-family: simsun, Arial; text-align: center;"><img width="500" height="303" alt="" src="http://images.ofweek.com/Upload/News/2016-4/GRX/699.jpg" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: middle; border: 0px;"></p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin: 0px; list-style-type: none; border: 0px; line-height: 24px; font-family: simsun, Arial; text-align: center;"><br></p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin: 0px; list-style-type: none; border: 0px; line-height: 24px; font-family: simsun, Arial;"> <a href="http://sensor.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">传感</a>器数据可以用来辅助检测设备行为的变动与瑕疵，并自动生成应对措施（比如改变处理参数，要求更换材料或打服务电话等）。这种功能不仅适用于生产器械，也可用于已完工的产品上。工业摄像机不知疲倦地审核大小工件和产品的颜色，结构，几何形状等特性参数，确定产品的正确性或对其进行纠偏，因此起着至关重要的作用。润滑度，磨损度和生锈情况等“软因素”也会纳入工业.</p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin: 0px; list-style-type: none; border: 0px; line-height: 24px; font-family: simsun, Arial;"><strong style="line-height: 24px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"> 生产中的图像处理——机器人与人类并肩合作</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin: 0px; list-style-type: none; border: 0px; line-height: 24px; font-family: simsun, Arial;"><strong style="line-height: 24px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px;"><br></strong></p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin: 0px; list-style-type: none; border: 0px; line-height: 24px; font-family: simsun, Arial; text-align: center;"><img width="390" height="260" alt="" src="http://images.ofweek.com/Upload/News/2016-4/GRX/700.jpg" style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; vertical-align: middle; border: 0px;"></p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin: 0px; list-style-type: none; border: 0px; line-height: 24px; font-family: simsun, Arial;"> 生产员也会从工业摄像机中获益。无论自动化取得怎样的进步，工业生产中人类总有一席之地，原因很多：包括“人”的感官能力，灵活性，承受能力等。</p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin: 0px; list-style-type: none; border: 0px; line-height: 24px; font-family: simsun, Arial;"> 尽管如此，未来的生产流程仍会产生变化，而这也正是工业 4.0 所代表的一部分。通过将智能机器视觉系统集成到头盔，衣物，工具中，人类工作效率得以提高。而且，这在科技上完全可行。因为相机正在越来越小巧和轻便，现在已经有一些高精度的迷你工业摄像机，只有邮票那么大，而且加上镜头和套管不到 30g。这些视觉系统记录工业活动和工作状态，审核产出结果，确定合理的后续步骤或其他信息，并将此类信息传送给人类，或许“增强现实”的智能眼镜上的自动通知就属于此类功能。因此，视觉系统的这些功能能够促进生产材料的及时供应，并进一步增加生产力。</p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin: 0px; list-style-type: none; border: 0px; line-height: 24px; font-family: simsun, Arial;"> <strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">总结</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin: 0px; list-style-type: none; border: 0px; line-height: 24px; font-family: simsun, Arial;"> 不管当今如何定义“工业4.0”，在未来的生产和商业流程中，图像处理至关重要。预计如下将会实现：</p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin: 0px; list-style-type: none; border: 0px; line-height: 24px; font-family: simsun, Arial;"> <strong style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px;">· </strong>基于图像处理系统的应用，更多和更新的高效商业模式将会出现</p><p style="padding: 0px 0px 15px; margin: 0px; list-style-type: none; border: 0px; 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